
Detects and analyzes malicious behavior in mobile applications through behavioral analysis, permission abuse detection, network traffic monitoring, and dynamic instrumentation. Use when analyzing suspicious mobile applications for data exfiltration, command-and-control communication, credential stealing, SMS interception, or other malware indicators. Activates for requests involving mobile malware analysis, app behavior monitoring, trojan detection, or suspicious app investigation.
Detects container escape at runtime across tooling - namespace manipulation, capability abuse, kernel exploits, sensitive host mounts, and anomalous syscalls - and explains which signals matter regardless of whether Falco, Sysdig, auditd, or an EDR is doing the collection. Use when deciding what breakout behaviour to monitor, investigating a suspected Docker or Kubernetes breakout, or comparing escape coverage across runtime sensors. Keywords: container escape, breakout, namespaces, CAP_SYS_ADMIN, privileged, hostPath, kernel exploit, syscall. Do not use for Falco rule syntax itself - use detecting-container-escape-with-falco-rules; for a static configuration sweep use performing-container-escape-detection.
Implement User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) using Elasticsearch/OpenSearch to build behavioral baselines, calculate anomaly scores, perform peer group analysis, and alert on insider threat indicators such as data exfiltration, privilege abuse, and unauthorized access. Use when building or tuning a UEBA pipeline rather than a one-off manual hunt.
Identifies lateral movement techniques in enterprise networks by analyzing authentication logs, network flows, SMB traffic, and RDP sessions using Zeek, Velociraptor, and SIEM correlation rules to detect attackers moving between systems.
Deploys and operates Falco with the modern eBPF driver in Kubernetes and Docker, covering driver selection, Helm installation, output channels, and the built-in ruleset that detects container escape, namespace abuse, privileged mounts, and anomalous syscalls. Use when standing Falco up on a cluster, choosing between the eBPF and kernel-module drivers, routing Falco alerts into a SIEM or Falcosidekick, or upgrading an existing deployment. Keywords: Falco, modern_ebpf, kernel module, Helm, Falcosidekick, runtime security, syscall. Do not use for authoring individual escape rules - use detecting-container-escape-with-falco-rules.
Detect Kerberoasting attacks by monitoring for anomalous Kerberos TGS requests (Event ID 4769) targeting service accounts with SPNs, which attackers request offline to crack service account passwords. Use when hunting for MITRE T1558 credential access activity or investigating suspected service account password cracking attempts in Active Directory Kerberos logs.
Detect malicious scheduled task creation and modification using Sysmon Event IDs 1 (Process Create for schtasks.exe), 11 (File Create for task XML), and Windows Security Event 4698/4702. The analyst correlates task creation with suspicious parent processes, public directory paths, and encoded command arguments to identify persistence and lateral movement via scheduled tasks. Activates for requests involving scheduled task detection, Sysmon persistence hunting, or T1053.005 Scheduled Task/Job analysis.
Detect adversary lateral movement across networks using Splunk SPL queries against Windows authentication logs, SMB traffic, and remote service (WMI/PsExec/RDP) abuse. Use when hunting for MITRE ATT&CK TA0008 lateral movement activity or investigating suspected pivoting between hosts during an incident, with Splunk as the SIEM.
Detect lateral movement in network traffic using Zeek (formerly Bro) log analysis. Parses conn.log, smb_mapping.log, smb_files.log, dce_rpc.log, kerberos.log, and ntlm.log to identify SMB file transfers, NTLM account spray activity, remote service execution, and anomalous internal connections.
Detect abuse of legitimate Windows binaries (LOLBins) used for living off the land attacks. Monitors process creation, command-line arguments, and parent-child relationships to identify suspicious LOLBin execution patterns.
Triage npm packages and lockfiles for install-script malware, credential exfiltration, and worming behavior using GuardDog, manual tarball inspection, and dynamic detonation with network/filesystem monitoring. Use when vetting a new dependency, reviewing a package.json/package-lock.json during code review, checking lockfiles against a supply-chain advisory's known-bad versions, or investigating a host suspected of installing a trojanized package.
Audit Azure Storage accounts for public blob containers, missing encryption, overly permissive SAS tokens, disabled logging, and network access violations using Azure CLI, PowerShell, and Microsoft Defender for Storage. Use for storage security audits across subscriptions, responding to Defender for Storage anonymous-access alerts, verifying compliance controls, or setting security baselines when onboarding a subscription.
Detects unauthorized runtime drift in containers by monitoring binary execution, filesystem changes, and configuration deviation from the original immutable image, using Falco and Microsoft Defender for Containers. Use when validating immutable-infrastructure controls, hunting for unexpected package installs or binaries written inside a running container, or determining whether a container diverged from the image it was built from. Keywords: drift, immutable infrastructure, new binary executed, package install, image mismatch, Falco. Do not use for detecting breakout from the container to the host - use detecting-container-escape-attempts.
Detect Mimikatz credential-dumping activity via command-line pattern matching, LSASS access signatures, binary/hash indicators, and in-memory detection of known Mimikatz modules. Use when threat hunting for T1003 credential access, triaging EDR/SIEM alerts on LSASS access, scoping compromise during incident response, or validating detection coverage in a purple team exercise.
Detect and respond to OAuth token theft and replay in Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD), covering access token theft, refresh token replay, Primary Refresh Token (PRT) abuse, pass-the-cookie attacks, and Token Protection conditional access policies. Use for impossible-travel or anomalous token-usage alerts, suspected session hijacking, sign-in log analysis, or configuring token-binding defenses in Azure/M365.
Detect command injection against Modbus TCP/RTU in ICS/SCADA environments by monitoring unauthorized writes, anomalous function codes, malformed frames, and deviations from communication baselines using ICS-aware IDS and deep packet inspection. Use when deploying IDS for Modbus OT networks, investigating unauthorized PLC register/coil changes, or responding to FrostyGoop-style Modbus attacks.
Detect MITRE ATLAS AML.T0024 attacks (model stealing, inversion, membership inference) performed via inference-API abuse, by monitoring per-principal query volume/distribution, rate-limiting and perturbing outputs, and red-teaming your model's extractability. Use for a public or partner inference API needing cloning/inversion/membership-inference detection, or a pre-deployment red-team exercise to measure extraction risk.
Deploy and configure Zeek (formerly Bro) to passively analyze network traffic, generate structured connection/DNS/HTTP/SSL/file logs, detect anomalous behavior, and write custom scripts for organization-specific threats. Use for passive monitoring at network choke points, feeding SIEM/threat hunting with protocol metadata, or retrospective log analysis during incident response; not a substitute for inline IDS/IPS or host agents.
Detect network reconnaissance and port scanning using Suricata and Snort IDS signatures, threshold-based detection rules, and traffic anomaly analysis to identify Nmap, Masscan, and custom scanning activity.
Detect and defend against indirect prompt injection hidden in web pages, documents, and images consumed by an agent, via content extraction (HTML/PDF/OCR), normalization, and scanning with LLM Guard's PromptInjection scanner or Hugging Face Prompt Guard 2. Use when an agent ingests untrusted external content and you need to screen it for injected instructions before the LLM processes it.
Detect NTLM relay attacks (T1557.001) by correlating Windows Event 4624 LogonType 3 for IP-to-hostname mismatches, identifying Responder/LLMNR poisoning artifacts, auditing SMB/LDAP signing, and flagging NTLMv2-to-NTLMv1 downgrades. Use for hunting credential relay in NTLM-enabled AD, investigating auth-source anomalies, building SIEM correlation rules, or responding to PetitPotam/DFSCoerce/PrinterBug alerts.
Detect Pass-the-Hash (T1550.002) attacks by analyzing NTLM authentication patterns, flagging Type 3 logons using NTLM where Kerberos would be expected, and correlating with credential-dumping indicators. Use when threat hunting for lateral movement via stolen NTLM hashes, triaging EDR/SIEM alerts on suspicious NTLM logons, scoping compromise during incident response, or validating detection coverage in a purple team exercise.
Detects insider data exfiltration by analyzing DLP policy violations, file access patterns, upload volume anomalies, and off-hours activity in endpoint and cloud logs. Uses pandas for behavioral analytics and statistical baselines. Use when investigating insider threats or building user behavior analytics for data loss prevention.
Detect insider threat behavioral indicators including unusual data access, off-hours activity, mass file downloads, privilege abuse, and resignation-correlated data theft. Use when proactively threat-hunting for malicious or negligent insider activity, or when investigating a departing or disgruntled employee for potential data theft.
Detect anomalies in Modbus/TCP and Modbus RTU industrial traffic via function code monitoring, register range validation, timing analysis, and deep packet inspection, using Zeek's Modbus analyzer, Suricata IDS with OT rules, and Python Markov chain models of normal transaction sequences. Use for deploying Modbus IDS in OT environments, baselining polling patterns, investigating suspicious Modbus traffic, or building function code allowlists.
Installs and runs the kube-bench tool against a Kubernetes cluster as a Job, DaemonSet, or standalone binary, selecting the correct benchmark version and targets (control plane, etcd, kubelet, worker nodes) and emitting JSON or JUnit output for pipelines. Use when setting kube-bench up for the first time, choosing which benchmark version and node targets to run, wiring it into CI, or troubleshooting skipped or misdetected checks. Keywords: kube-bench, DaemonSet, --benchmark, --targets, JSON output, JUnit, CI integration. Do not use for interpreting the findings or producing an audit report - use performing-kubernetes-cis-benchmark-with-kube-bench.
Conduct comprehensive GDPR compliance assessments by evaluating data processing activities against EU Regulation 2016/679, including Article 30 records of processing, lawful basis validation, data subject rights implementation, Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs) under Article 35, breach notification procedures, international transfer safeguards (SCCs, adequacy decisions), and technical/organizational measures under Article 32. Use when processing personal data of EU residents, preparing for supervisory authority audits, implementing privacy-by-design for new systems, scoping compliance gaps for M&A due diligence, assessing third-party processors, or responding to data subject access requests at scale. Incorporates 2026 guidance from ICO, EDPB, and post-Data (Use and Access) Act 2025 UK-GDPR considerations. Do not use for implementing specific Article 32 controls — use implementing-gdpr-data-protection-controls; or for DSAR automation — use implementing-gdpr-data-subject-access-request.
Writes and tunes Falco rule syntax for container escape detection - conditions, macros, lists, priorities, and output fields - covering host filesystem mounts, sensitive host path access, kernel module loading, and privileged capability abuse, including how to drive down false positives. Use when authoring or tuning a specific Falco rule for breakout behaviour, or triaging a noisy escape-related Falco alert. Keywords: Falco rule, macro, list, condition, priority, falco_rules.local.yaml, tuning, false positive. Do not use for deploying and operating Falco itself - use detecting-container-runtime-threats-with-falco; for tool-agnostic escape signals use detecting-container-escape-attempts.
Parses Kubernetes API server audit logs (JSON lines) to detect exec-into-pod, secret access, RBAC modifications, privileged pod creation, and anonymous API access, and builds SIEM detection rules from the event patterns. Use when investigating a suspected cluster compromise, reconstructing what an attacker did through the API server, or writing Kubernetes-specific detection content. Keywords: audit policy, audit log, kube-apiserver, exec into pod, RBAC change, anonymous access, detection rules. Do not use for syscall-level detection inside a running container - use detecting-container-runtime-threats-with-falco. '
Detect LSASS credential dumping, SAM database extraction, and NTDS.dit theft (e.g. via Mimikatz) using Sysmon Event ID 10 process-access logging, Windows Security logs, and SIEM correlation rules. Use when hunting for credential-theft activity on Windows/Active Directory hosts or triaging EDR alerts on LSASS access.
This skill teaches security teams how to detect and respond to unauthorized cryptocurrency mining operations in cloud environments. It covers identifying cryptomining indicators through compute usage anomalies, network traffic patterns to mining pools, GuardDuty CryptoCurrency findings, and runtime process monitoring on EC2, ECS, EKS, and Azure Automation workloads.
Detect anomalies in DNP3 communications used in SCADA/ICS systems by monitoring unauthorized control commands, firmware update attempts, protocol violations, and deviations from baseline traffic using deep packet inspection and machine learning approaches. Use when securing energy-sector or other OT/ICS networks, investigating suspicious DNP3 master/outstation activity, or building an anomaly-based IDS for industrial control traffic.
Identify poisoned training data and backdoored ML models across the pipeline using IBM's Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (activation clustering, spectral signatures, trigger reconstruction), Cleanlab for label-quality issues, and supply-chain checks like weight-hash verification and safetensors enforcement. Use before training or deploying on third-party/user-contributed data or downloaded checkpoints, during ML supply-chain reviews, or when investigating model misbehavior tied to specific inputs (suspected backdoor trigger).
Detect AI-generated deepfake audio used in voice phishing (vishing) by extracting spectral features (MFCC, spectral centroid, spectral contrast, zero-crossing rate) and classifying samples with machine learning models, supporting batch audio analysis, confidence scoring, and forensic reporting. Use for deepfake voice detection, vishing investigations, AI-generated speech analysis, voice cloning detection, or audio authenticity verification.
Detect DCSync attacks (MITRE T1003.006) where adversaries abuse Active Directory replication privileges to extract password hashes, by auditing Event ID 4662 for the DS-Replication-Get-Changes GUIDs and flagging non-domain-controller accounts issuing DsGetNCChanges RPC calls. Use when hunting for credential theft via Mimikatz lsadump::dcsync or Impacket secretsdump, investigating lateral movement with domain admin credentials, or auditing AD replication permissions.
Finds over-permissive RBAC roles and service-account token abuse paths in a Kubernetes cluster using kubectl auth can-i, rbac-police, kubectl-who-can, and rakkess, tracing which subjects can escalate toward cluster-admin. Use when reviewing who can escalate privileges in a cluster, hunting exploitable RoleBindings during an authorized review, or validating least privilege after an RBAC change. Keywords: RBAC, ClusterRoleBinding, service account token, auth can-i, rbac-police, escalate, bind, impersonate. Do not use for designing and applying hardened RBAC - use implementing-rbac-hardening-for-kubernetes.
Detect and prevent dependency confusion (public-over-private package name resolution) in npm, PyPI, and Maven by enumerating claimable internal package names with tools like `confused` and OWASP `dep-scan`, then enforcing source restrictions via `.npmrc`, `pip.conf`/`pyproject.toml`, and Maven `settings.xml`. Use when onboarding a repo to a supply-chain security program, auditing lockfiles/manifests for confusable dependencies, or after an incident that may have leaked internal package names.
Detects fileless malware and in-memory attacks that execute entirely in RAM without writing persistent files to disk, evading traditional antivirus. Use when building detections for PowerShell-based attacks, reflective DLL injection, WMI persistence, and registry-resident malware. Activates for requests involving fileless malware detection, in-memory attacks, PowerShell exploitation, or living-off-the-land techniques.
Detect Golden Ticket attacks in Active Directory using Splunk and KQL queries against domain controller event logs, looking for Kerberos TGT anomalies such as mismatched encryption types, impossible ticket lifetimes, non-existent accounts, and forged PAC signatures. Use when hunting for Kerberos ticket forgery or krbtgt-based persistence (MITRE T1558.001) in AD environments.
Detect DLL side-loading and search-order hijacking (MITRE T1574) where adversaries plant malicious DLLs for legitimate signed applications to load, by analyzing Sysmon Event ID 7 DLL-load events, checking signatures/hashes against known-good versions, and flagging path anomalies with EDR tools like CrowdStrike, MDE, or SentinelOne. Use when investigating EDR alerts on unsigned DLLs, hunting for APT persistence via trojanized applications, or triaging incidents involving DLL hijacking.
Detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling (tools like iodine, dnscat2, dns2tcp) by analyzing query entropy, subdomain length, query volume to single domains, TXT/CNAME/NULL record abuse, and oversized response payloads using passive DNS monitoring and statistical/ML methods. Use when hunting for covert DNS-based data exfiltration or building a passive DNS anomaly detection capability.
Detect compromised O365 and Google Workspace email accounts by analyzing Unified Audit Logs and Azure AD sign-in logs for impossible travel, inbox rule creation/deletion (Set-InboxRule, New-InboxRule), external mail forwarding rules, and unusual Microsoft Graph API access or OAuth token use. Use when investigating suspected business email compromise (BEC), account takeover, or mailbox persistence via malicious inbox rules.
Hunt AADGraphActivityLogs and MicrosoftGraphActivityLogs in Microsoft Sentinel/Log Analytics using KQL to fingerprint offensive Entra ID enumeration tools such as ROADtools, AADInternals, and AzureHound, including User-Agent signatures, roadrecon endpoint sweeps, and sign-in correlation. Use when investigating suspicious Microsoft Graph API activity, Entra ID reconnaissance, or building Sentinel analytics rules to detect these tools.
Detect malicious inbox/mail-flow forwarding rules that adversaries create to maintain persistent access to email communications for intelligence collection and business email compromise. Use when hunting for suspicious auto-forwarding, hidden mailbox rules, or T1114-style email collection persistence after a compromised account or BEC incident.
Detects defense evasion techniques used by adversaries in endpoint logs including log tampering, timestomping, process injection, and security tool disabling. Use when investigating suspicious endpoint behavior, building detection rules for evasion tactics, or conducting threat hunting for stealthy adversary activity. Activates for requests involving evasion detection, defense evasion analysis, log tampering detection, or MITRE ATT&CK TA0005.
Detect DNS-based data exfiltration by analyzing Zeek dns.log for high-entropy subdomains, oversized TXT/NULL records, and anomalous query volume or patterns. Use when investigating suspected DNS tunneling, covert C2 over DNS, or data exfiltration hidden in DNS queries against network traffic captured by Zeek.
Detects and analyzes fileless malware that operates entirely in memory using PowerShell, WMI, .NET reflection, registry-resident payloads, and living-off-the-land binaries (LOLBins) without writing traditional executable files to disk. Use for requests involving fileless threat detection, in-memory malware investigation, LOLBin abuse analysis, or WMI persistence examination.
Detect Living Off the Land Binaries (LOLBins/LOLBAS) abuse including certutil, regsvr32, mshta, and rundll32 via process telemetry, Sigma rules, and parent-child process analysis with Sysmon endpoint data. Use when hunting for adversaries abusing built-in Windows binaries to download, execute, or proxy malicious code while evading traditional executable-based detection.
Detect Kerberos Golden Ticket forgery (e.g. Mimikatz-forged tickets) by analyzing Windows Event ID 4769 for RC4 encryption downgrades (0x17), abnormal ticket lifetimes, and krbtgt account anomalies using Splunk and Elastic SIEM queries. Use when investigating suspected forged Kerberos tickets or krbtgt credential theft in Active Directory.
Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.
Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups' TTPs for detection-gap analysis. Use to compare threat-actor technique coverage, find gaps in detection engineering, or produce Navigator visualizations for threat-intel reporting.
Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master Boot Record (MBR), Volume Boot Record (VBR), or UEFI firmware for below-OS persistence, covering boot sector analysis, UEFI module inspection, and anti-rootkit detection. Use when compromise survives OS reinstallation or antivirus/EDR fails to detect malware despite clear infection signs.
Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.
Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.
Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.
Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.
Investigate compromised Docker containers by analyzing images, layers, volumes, logs, and runtime artifacts to identify malicious activity and evidence.
Parse and analyze email headers (Received chain, Return-Path, Message-ID) to trace the true origin of a phishing email and validate SPF, DKIM, and DMARC results to confirm or rule out sender spoofing. Use when triaging a suspicious or reported email, investigating a phishing incident, or verifying whether a message's sender domain was spoofed.
Examine Linux system artifacts (auth logs, cron/systemd persistence, shell history, SSH keys, and system configuration) to uncover evidence of compromise, detect rootkits or backdoors, and reconstruct user/attacker activity. Use when investigating a compromised Linux server or workstation, hunting for persistence mechanisms, or scoping a Linux-based breach during incident response.
Analyze malicious Linux ELF binaries — botnets, cryptominers, ransomware, and rootkits targeting Linux servers, containers, and cloud infrastructure — through static analysis, dynamic tracing, and reverse engineering of x86_64 and ARM samples. Use when investigating Linux malware, triaging a suspicious ELF binary, assessing a compromised Linux server, or analyzing container-targeted malware.
Respond to security incidents in AWS, Azure, and GCP via identity-based containment, cloud-native log analysis (CloudTrail, Azure Activity Logs, GCP Audit Logs), resource isolation, and forensic evidence acquisition adapted for ephemeral cloud infrastructure. Use when CSPM alerts or audit logs show compromised cloud credentials, unauthorized IAM changes, or a breach spanning cloud services.
Detect kernel-level rootkits in Linux memory dumps using Volatility3 linux plugins (check_syscall, lsmod, hidden_modules), rkhunter system scanning, and /proc vs /sys discrepancy analysis to identify hooked syscalls, hidden kernel modules, and tampered system structures.
Detect sandbox and VM evasion techniques in malware samples by analyzing timing checks, VM/hypervisor artifact queries, user-interaction checks, and sleep-inflation patterns from Cuckoo or AnyRun behavioral reports. Use when a sample shows no or minimal activity in a sandbox, when a behavioral report needs review for evasion indicators, or when building detections for anti-analysis techniques.
Design and deploy a Threat Intelligence Platform (TIP) by integrating open-source CTI tools (MISP, OpenCTI, TheHive, Cortex) into a unified system with feed ingestion pipelines, enrichment workflows, STIX/TAXII interoperability, and analyst dashboards. Use when architecting or standing up a centralized CTI platform to collect, analyze, and disseminate threat intelligence across a security team.
Parse Microsoft Outlook PST and OST files using libpff and pst-utils to extract message content, headers, attachments, deleted items, and MAPI metadata, including recovery of items from the Recoverable Items folder. Use when conducting email forensic investigations, legal e-discovery, or incident response that requires reconstructing communication patterns or tracing message routing from Outlook archives.
Perform static analysis of malicious PDF documents using peepdf, pdfid, and pdf-parser to extract embedded JavaScript, shellcode, and suspicious objects. Use when triaging a suspicious PDF attachment from a phishing email, analyzing a PDF-based exploit document, or building detection signatures for weaponized PDF threats.
Analyze Windows LNK shortcut files and Jump List artifacts with LECmd, JLECmd, and manual Shell Link Binary Format parsing to establish evidence of file access, program execution, and user activity that persists even after the target file is deleted. Use when investigating Windows user activity, reconstructing file-access or program-execution timelines, or examining recent/frequently-used file evidence in a forensic exam.
Detonate malware samples in Cuckoo Sandbox to observe runtime behavior — process creation, file system and registry changes, network communications, and API calls — and generate behavioral reports for classification and IOC extraction. Use when a sample has passed static triage and needs dynamic/behavioral analysis, when mapping a full infection chain, or when building YARA/behavioral signatures from observed sandbox activity.
Query the Malpedia API to look up malware family aliases and naming (platform.family_name), pull community/vendor YARA rules, link families to threat actors, and map family relationships such as loader-payload chains and shared authorship. Use when researching a malware family's aliases, lineage, or actor attribution, or when sourcing YARA rules for detection.
Use Sysinternals Autoruns to systematically enumerate and analyze malware persistence mechanisms across Windows registry run keys, scheduled tasks, services, drivers, and startup locations. Use when hunting for persistence during Windows incident response, triaging a compromised endpoint, or validating that malware autostart entries have been fully identified and removed.
Analyze the NTFS Master File Table ($MFT) with MFTECmd, analyzeMFT, and X-Ways Forensics to recover metadata and content of deleted files by examining MFT record entries, $LogFile, $UsnJrnl, and MFT slack space. Use when recovering evidence of deleted files, reconstructing NTFS file-system timelines, or detecting anti-forensic timestomping during a Windows forensic examination.
Detect and analyze covert communication channels used by malware, including DNS tunneling, ICMP exfiltration, steganographic HTTP, and other protocol abuse used for C2 and data exfiltration. Use when investigating suspicious DNS/ICMP/HTTP traffic patterns, hunting for hidden C2 channels in network captures, or attributing exfiltration traffic to a known tunneling toolset.
Use Scapy to craft, send, sniff, and dissect TCP/UDP/ICMP/DNS packets, analyze pcap files, implement SYN scans, and detect anomalous traffic such as fragmented or malformed packets. Use when performing authorized network reconnaissance, protocol-level forensic analysis, or building traffic anomaly detection during security testing.
Safely monitor ransomware group Tor-hosted data leak sites (DLS) to collect and extract structured victim posting data, track group activity trends over time, and produce sector- and geography-specific ransomware risk assessments. Use when performing threat intelligence gathering on active ransomware groups or building proactive defense reporting from double-extortion leak-site activity.
Traces ransomware cryptocurrency payment flows using blockchain analysis tools such as Chainalysis Reactor, WalletExplorer, and blockchain.com APIs, identifying wallet clusters and tracking fund movement through mixers and exchanges to support law enforcement attribution. Use when tracing ransomware bitcoin payments, performing cryptocurrency wallet forensics, or gathering blockchain threat intelligence on extortion payments.
Parses Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) in CycloneDX and SPDX JSON formats to identify supply chain vulnerabilities by correlating components against the NVD CVE database via the NVD 2.0 API. Builds dependency graphs, calculates risk scores, identifies transitive vulnerability paths, and generates compliance reports. Activates for requests involving SBOM analysis, software composition analysis, supply chain security assessment, dependency vulnerability scanning, CycloneDX/SPDX parsing, or CVE correlation.
Investigate supply chain attack artifacts including trojanized software updates, compromised build pipelines, and sideloaded dependencies to identify intrusion vectors and scope of compromise.
Systematically map threat actor behavior and observed IOCs to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, build technique coverage heatmaps with the ATT&CK Navigator, identify detection gaps, and produce actionable threat intelligence reports across the Enterprise, Mobile, and ICS matrices. Use when analyzing threat actor TTPs, correlating IOCs to specific ATT&CK techniques, or assessing defensive detection coverage against adversary behavior.
Map advanced persistent threat (APT) group TTPs to the MITRE ATT&CK framework using the attackcti Python library to query STIX/TAXII data for group-technique associations, then generate ATT&CK Navigator layer files to visualize and compare defensive coverage against adversary profiles. Use when profiling an APT group's techniques, building Navigator coverage heatmaps, or assessing technique coverage gaps against a specific threat actor.
Query a MISP (Malware Information Sharing Platform) instance via PyMISP to compute event statistics, IOC type breakdowns, threat actor galaxy clusters, and tag trends, and generate threat landscape reports with temporal trends. Use when asked to analyze threat intelligence data, summarize top threat actors or malware families, or produce a CTI landscape report from MISP events.
Generate domain permutations with dnstwist and check DNS resolution to detect typosquatting, homograph phishing, and brand impersonation domains registered against your organization. Use when asked to monitor for lookalike domains, investigate a phishing domain, or assess brand-impersonation risk.
Analyzes UEFI bootkit persistence (SPI flash implants, ESP modifications, Secure Boot bypass, UEFI variable manipulation) using chipsec for firmware integrity verification, detecting known families like BlackLotus, LoJax, and MoonBounce. Use for UEFI malware analysis, firmware persistence investigation, or Secure Boot bypass detection.
Correlate Windows registry keys (USBSTOR, MountedDevices), Event Logs, and setupapi.dev.log to reconstruct USB device connection history, first/last-plugged timestamps, and drive letter mappings. Use when investigating removable media usage, tracking device provenance, or building a timeline for suspected data exfiltration.
Parses the Windows Amcache.hve registry hive with Eric Zimmerman's AmcacheParser and Timeline Explorer to extract evidence of program execution, application installation, and driver loading, including SHA-1 hash correlation with threat intel and timeline reconstruction. Use for Amcache forensics, program execution evidence gathering, or application compatibility cache investigations in DFIR work.
Parse Windows LNK shortcut files to extract target paths, MAC timestamps, volume serial numbers, and machine identifiers for forensic timeline reconstruction. Use when investigating recently-accessed files, tracking removable media or network paths referenced by shortcuts, or building a DFIR timeline from LNK artifacts.
Parse Windows Prefetch (.pf) files with the windowsprefetch Python library to reconstruct application execution history, run counts, and accessed file/volume lists. Use when investigating renamed or masquerading binaries, verifying program execution timelines, or hunting for suspicious execution patterns in incident response.
Extract and analyze Windows Registry hives with tools like RegRipper and Registry Explorer to uncover user activity, installed software, autostart/persistence entries, and evidence of system compromise. Use when investigating registry-based persistence, reconstructing user or system activity, or performing DFIR triage on a Windows image.
Test RAG vector stores (Pinecone, Qdrant, Weaviate, Chroma, pgvector, FAISS) for embedding inversion, cross-tenant data leakage, and data poisoning per OWASP LLM08:2025. Use when performing an authorized security assessment of a RAG pipeline's retrieval layer or auditing multi-tenant vector-store isolation.
Analyze Windows Shellbag (BagMRU) registry artifacts with SBECmd and Shellbags Explorer to reconstruct folder browsing activity and prove user interaction with directories, including removable media and network shares, even after the folders are deleted. Use when reconstructing a user's folder access history or proving access to a since-removed directory in DFIR work.
Enumerate Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD) tenants with ROADrecon and acquire, exchange, and abuse tokens (including primary refresh tokens) with roadtx. Use for authorized red-team enumeration of a tenant's directory objects or for token-based identity attacks against Entra ID you are explicitly authorized to test.
Run OAuth 2.0 device-code and illicit-consent phishing attacks against Microsoft Entra ID, using TokenTactics-style tooling to steal access and refresh tokens, bypass MFA, and pivot across Microsoft 365 services. Use for authorized red-team engagements simulating device-code or consent-grant phishing against a tenant you have explicit written permission to test.
Audit AWS, Azure, and GCP environments against the CIS Foundations Benchmarks by running automated scans with tools like Prowler and ScoutSuite, interpreting failed controls, and tracking remediation for continuous compliance. Use when conducting a cloud security audit, validating CIS benchmark compliance (CIS v5 AWS, v4 Azure, v4 GCP), or setting up continuous cloud compliance monitoring.
Drive the AADInternals PowerShell toolkit to perform Microsoft Entra ID tenant reconnaissance, access-token acquisition across Microsoft APIs, and federation/AD FS backdoor testing (Golden SAML, T1606.002) for defensive validation. Use during an authorized Entra ID/Microsoft 365 red-team assessment to map external attack surface or verify AD FS signing certs resist Golden SAML.
Audit MCP servers for tool poisoning, tool shadowing, rug pulls, SSRF, and unauthenticated exposure using Invariant Labs' mcp-scan for static/runtime scanning plus manual SSRF/auth checks and description pinning. Use before adding a new MCP server to an agent stack, when reviewing an internal MCP server, detecting rug pulls, or investigating an agent's unexpected tool-driven behavior.
Build an automated adversary infrastructure tracking system in Python (dnspython, python-whois, shodan, networkx) that pivots across passive DNS, certificate transparency logs, WHOIS records, and IP enrichment to map threat-actor C2 networks and flag newly registered domains matching known patterns. Use when pivoting from known indicators to discover related C2 infrastructure or maintaining a continuously updated map of a threat actor's network.
Parse cyber threat intelligence reports (Mandiant, CrowdStrike, Talos, Microsoft) with stix2, mitreattack-python, and spaCy to extract adversary behaviors, map them to MITRE ATT&CK technique IDs, and build a searchable STIX 2.1 attack-pattern library with detection templates. Use when cataloging attack patterns from CTI reports for threat-informed detection engineering, or generating Sigma/YARA templates from documented behaviors.
Build dumb-pipe and traffic-filtering C2 redirectors with nginx (proxy_pass) and Apache (mod_rewrite), deriving filter rules from a Malleable C2 profile, layering Let's Encrypt TLS, and applying OPSEC controls like domain fronting and UA/geo filtering. Use when standing up red-team C2 that must survive blue-team triage or ensuring only profile-matching implant traffic reaches the hidden team server.
Deploy and harden a Sliver C2 team server (BishopFox's Go-based adversary emulation framework) with multi-protocol listeners (mTLS, HTTP/S, DNS, WireGuard), redirectors, domain fronting, and multi-operator support for authorized red-team operations. Use when standing up resilient C2 for a red-team engagement or generating beacon/session implants that must survive blue-team detection.
Build collaborative forensic incident timelines using Timesketch to ingest, normalize, and analyze multi-source event data (including Plaso output) for attack chain reconstruction and investigation documentation. Use when reconstructing the sequence of events during an incident investigation or when multiple analysts need to jointly tag, annotate, and search a shared DFIR timeline.
Deploy Microsoft Sentinel as a cloud-native SIEM/SOAR by configuring multi-cloud data connectors (AWS, Azure, GCP), writing KQL detection and hunting queries, and building automated Logic Apps response playbooks. Use when establishing a centralized SOC for multi-cloud environments, migrating from a legacy SIEM, or performing petabyte-scale threat hunting; not for AWS-only setups where Security Hub/GuardDuty suffice or for endpoint EDR needs.
Configure a GitLab CI/CD pipeline that embeds SAST (Semgrep, SpotBugs, Gosec, Bandit, NodeJsScan), DAST, container scanning, dependency scanning, and secret detection via GitLab's managed security templates. Use when building a shift-left DevSecOps pipeline in GitLab, adding automated vulnerability scanning stages to .gitlab-ci.yml, or triaging scanner findings with GitLab Duo AI before deployment.
Configure SAML 2.0 identity federation between on-premises Active Directory (via AD FS or a third-party IdP) and Microsoft Entra ID, covering federation models (AD FS, password hash sync, pass-through auth, third-party IdP) and the SAML authentication flow. Use when extending on-premises authentication authority to cloud resources or designing hybrid identity SSO architecture for Entra ID.
Design identity governance and lifecycle (IGA) programs on platforms like SailPoint, Saviynt, or Entra ID Governance, covering joiner-mover-leaver (JML) automation, role mining, access requests, periodic recertification, and orphaned-account remediation sourced from an HR feed. Use when automating cross-system JML provisioning, remediating former-employee access, or building lifecycle processes for SOX, HIPAA, or GDPR compliance.
Designs and documents structured incident response playbooks with step-by-step procedures per incident type, decision trees, escalation criteria, RACI matrices, and SOAR platform integration, aligned to NIST SP 800-61r3 and SANS PICERL. Use when creating or maturing an IR program, documenting response runbooks for a new incident type, or designing SOAR playbooks.
Build an automated pipeline that ingests raw IOCs (URLs, IPs, domains, emails), normalizes and deduplicates them, then produces defanged renderings for safe human reading alongside canonical STIX 2.1 bundles distributed via TAXII servers, MISP, or email reports. Use when preparing indicators of compromise for safe analyst sharing or automating threat intel distribution to TAXII/MISP feeds.
Build an automated IOC enrichment pipeline on OpenCTI (STIX 2.1 native threat intel platform) using its internal enrichment connectors to pull context from VirusTotal, Shodan, AbuseIPDB, and GreyNoise, correlate indicators with known actors/campaigns, and score them for analyst prioritization. Use when deploying OpenCTI or automating enrichment and confidence scoring of newly ingested indicators.
Build structured communication templates for malware incidents (ransomware, wiper, trojan, worm), covering internal stakeholder notifications, executive briefings, technical advisories for IT teams, customer notifications, and regulatory disclosures, with severity-based escalation procedures. Use when drafting or standardizing incident communications and notification workflows for a malware outbreak.
Establish a repeatable operational process for triaging, testing, and deploying Microsoft Patch Tuesday security updates (Windows, Office, Exchange, SQL Server, Azure) via WSUS/SCCM within risk-based remediation SLAs, from advisory review through validation. Use when building or improving a monthly patch management workflow or prioritizing which CVEs to remediate first.
Implement a phishing report button (Microsoft 365 built-in Report button or third-party like KnowBe4/Cofense) in email clients with a SOAR-driven automated triage workflow that classifies reported emails, extracts IOCs, takes remediation actions, and gives feedback to reporters. Use when deploying user-reported phishing intake or automating triage of the resulting reporting mailbox.
Builds a structured ransomware incident response playbook aligned with the CISA StopRansomware Guide and NIST Cybersecurity Framework, covering preparation, detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and post-incident phases with actionable checklists. Use when creating or updating a ransomware playbook, running a CISA-aligned readiness assessment, or validating response steps during a tabletop exercise.
Deploy and configure the Havoc C2 framework (teamserver, HTTPS/HTTP/SMB listeners, Nginx redirectors, and Demon agents) with malleable traffic profiles and OPSEC-hardened infrastructure for authorized red team operations. Use when standing up or hardening Havoc C2 infrastructure for a written, authorized adversary emulation engagement.
Build a structured SOC escalation matrix defining severity tiers, response SLAs, tiered escalation paths, and notification procedures for security incidents, using context-driven criteria that combine business risk, asset criticality, and data sensitivity. Use when designing or revising how a SOC triages and escalates incidents across analyst tiers.
Generate forensic super-timelines with Plaso's log2timeline.py, pinfo.py, psort.py, and psteal.py CLI tools (fusing file-system MACB, registry, EVTX, browser history, prefetch, LNK, and more), then triage and filter the results in Timesketch. Use when reconstructing the full sequence of events on a compromised or forensically imaged host during a DFIR investigation.
Build threat actor profiles by collecting OSINT from vendor reports, paste sites, dark web forums, social media, and code repos, correlating indicators, mapping adversary infrastructure with tools like Maltego and SpiderFoot, and producing structured dossiers of motivations, capabilities, infrastructure, and TTPs. Use when performing attribution or building an adversary dossier from open-source intelligence.
Deploy MISP via Docker and configure feeds from sources like abuse.ch, AlienVault OTX, and CIRCL to aggregate, correlate, and distribute threat intelligence, including automated feed synchronization and STIX/TAXII-based integration with Splunk, Elasticsearch, and SOAR platforms. Use when standing up centralized IOC management or wiring multi-source threat feeds into a SIEM.
Configures microsegmentation policies to enforce least-privilege workload-to-workload access using tools such as VMware NSX, Illumio, and Calico, preventing lateral movement in zero trust architectures. Use when designing or implementing network microsegmentation as part of a zero trust architecture aligned with NIST SP 800-207.
Build a systematic threat-hunt workflow that turns threat intelligence and ATT&CK gap analysis into testable hypotheses, then executes and validates them via EDR/SIEM queries (CrowdStrike, Defender, Splunk, Elastic, Sysmon, Velociraptor, Sigma) and documents findings in a standardized hunt report. Use when planning or running a proactive threat hunt or scoping compromise from an intel- or anomaly-driven lead.
Build automated IOC enrichment pipelines in Splunk Enterprise Security by ingesting threat feeds into KV Store collections and correlating them against security events via lookup tables, modular inputs, and the Threat Intelligence Framework. Use when wiring threat intel into Splunk correlation searches to flag IOC matches and cut SOC triage time.
Implement a vulnerability aging dashboard and SLA tracking system that measures time-to-remediation against severity-based deadlines (e.g. 14 days critical, 30 days high, 60 days medium, 90 days low), with automated escalations and compliance metrics reporting. Use when designing SLA policies, building aging/remediation dashboards, or proving compliance with remediation timelines.
Deobfuscates malicious JavaScript found in phishing pages, web skimmers, and dropper scripts by reversing encoding layers, eval chains, string manipulation, and control-flow obfuscation to reveal the original malicious logic. Use when investigating a phishing page's obfuscated JavaScript, analyzing a Magecart-style web skimmer, or deobfuscating a JavaScript dropper that fetches second-stage malware.
Deploy DefectDojo as a centralized vulnerability management dashboard that ingests findings from 200+ security scanners, deduplicates results, tracks remediation metrics, and integrates with CI/CD, Jira ticketing, and Slack notifications via its REST API. Use when consolidating scanner output into one dashboard or automating vulnerability ticketing and executive reporting.
Build a vulnerability exception and risk acceptance tracking system covering approval workflows, compensating controls documentation, and automatic expiration for vulnerabilities that miss SLA remediation timelines. Use when standing up a governance process for risk acceptance and exception approvals to support PCI DSS, SOC 2, or NIST CSF compliance.
Trigger machine account authentication with PetitPotam (MS-EFSR) and Coercer (MS-RPRN, MS-DFSNM, MS-FSRVP, MS-EVEN) via Coercer's scan/coerce/fuzz modes, feeding the coerced NTLM auth into a relay against AD CS Web Enrollment (ESC8), LDAP (RBCD), or SMB. Use in authorized engagements to complete a coercion-relay chain against a Domain Controller, or to validate coercion detections and signing/EPA mitigations.
Deploy MISP, configure threat feeds (MISP community, freetext, TAXII, CSV), and use the PyMISP API to programmatically fetch, add, and search events and IOCs, building automated collection pipelines that aggregate indicators from community and commercial sources. Use when gathering, storing, or correlating IOCs and threat intelligence, or when scripting MISP ingestion via PyMISP.
Collect volatile forensic evidence from a compromised host by following the order of volatility, preserving memory, network connections, running processes, and system state with documented chain of custody before they are lost. Use before isolating, shutting down, or remediating a compromised host, especially when fileless or memory-resident malware is suspected, root cause analysis is needed, or the evidence must hold up in legal proceedings.
Deploys and configures Suricata IDS/IPS with Emerging Threats rulesets, EVE JSON logging, and custom rules for high-throughput, protocol-aware traffic inspection (HTTP, TLS, DNS, SMB) and SIEM integration. Use when running Suricata in IDS or inline IPS mode to detect or block malicious traffic, or when combining signature-based and protocol anomaly detection with file extraction.
Installs, configures, and tunes Snort 3 to monitor network traffic for malicious activity using custom and community rulesets, preprocessors, and alert output plugins. Use when deploying network-based intrusion detection at key boundaries, writing custom Snort rules, tuning rulesets to reduce false positives, or integrating Snort alerts with a SIEM.
Configures Zscaler Private Access (ZPA) to replace traditional VPN with zero trust network access by deploying App Connectors, defining application segments, configuring identity- and device-posture-based access policies, and integrating with IdPs. Use when replacing VPN concentrators with ZTNA or providing remote users secure access to internal applications without network-level connectivity.
Performs statistical analysis of Zeek conn.log connection intervals to detect C2 beaconing patterns. Uses the ZAT library to load Zeek logs into Pandas DataFrames, calculates inter-arrival time standard deviation, and flags periodic connections with low jitter. Use when hunting for command-and-control callbacks in network data.
Configures pfSense firewall rules, NAT policies, IPsec/OpenVPN tunnels, and traffic shaping to enforce network segmentation and control traffic between zones such as DMZ, internal, guest, and IoT. Use when deploying a pfSense perimeter or internal firewall, setting up port-forwarding NAT, configuring site-to-site or remote-access VPNs, or applying QoS/bandwidth policies.
Configure AWS Verified Access to provide VPN-less zero trust network access to internal apps, combining identity trust providers (IAM Identity Center, Okta/OIDC), device posture providers (CrowdStrike, Jamf), Cedar policy authoring, and Terraform deployment. Use when replacing VPN access with ZTNA, writing Cedar access policies, or deploying Verified Access instances, groups, and endpoints across AWS accounts.
Configures secure OAuth 2.0 authorization flows, including Authorization Code with PKCE, Client Credentials, and Device Authorization Grant, covering flow selection, PKCE implementation, token lifecycle management, and scope design per OAuth 2.1. Use when implementing or hardening OAuth 2.0 authentication/authorization for web, mobile, SPA, or machine-to-machine clients.
Detect anomalies in Modbus/TCP and Modbus RTU industrial traffic via function code monitoring, register range validation, timing analysis, and deep packet inspection, using Zeek's Modbus analyzer, Suricata IDS with OT rules, and Python Markov chain models of normal transaction sequences. Use for deploying Modbus IDS in OT environments, baselining polling patterns, investigating suspicious Modbus traffic, or building function code allowlists.
Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user's web activity from a browser profile.
Drive a federal system through the NIST Risk Management Framework (SP 800-37 Rev 2) to an Authorization to Operate (ATO): Prepare, Categorize (FIPS 199), Select a control baseline (FIPS 200 / SP 800-53 Rev 5), Implement, Assess (SP 800-53A), Authorize, and Monitor continuously. Use when a system needs an ATO or a renewal, when working a FISMA/FedRAMP authorization package, when building or reviewing an SSP, SAR, or POA&M, when categorizing a system as Low/Moderate/High impact, when selecting or tailoring a control baseline, or when standing up continuous monitoring (ConMon) after authorization. Covers ATO, conditional ATO (cATO), and the artifacts assessors expect. Keywords: NIST RMF, 800-37, ATO, authorization to operate, FISMA, FedRAMP, SSP, SAR, POA&M, FIPS 199, FIPS 200, 800-53, 800-53A, control baseline, security categorization, continuous monitoring, authorizing official, system boundary, ongoing authorization.
Apply bottom-up and top-down role mining techniques, including clustering algorithms and formal concept analysis, to discover optimal RBAC roles from existing user-permission assignments, consolidating overlapping roles and enforcing least privilege. Use when an identity program needs to reduce role explosion or redesign its RBAC role set from access data.
Identify ransomware-related network indicators, including C2 beaconing patterns, TOR exit node connections, data exfiltration flows, and encryption key exchange, by analyzing Zeek conn.log and NetFlow data. Use when threat hunting for active ransomware network activity or investigating suspected pre-encryption exfiltration during incident response.
Identifies and unpacks UPX-packed malware samples, including binaries with modified UPX magic bytes or headers that block automated decompression, to recover the original executable for static analysis. Use when a sample shows high entropy, minimal imports, or only LoadLibrary/GetProcAddress in its import table, or when preparing a packed binary for disassembly in Ghidra or IDA.
Designs and implements VLAN-based (802.1Q) network segmentation on managed switches to isolate zones such as corporate, servers, DMZ, guest, and IoT, and to limit lateral movement paths. Use when segmenting an enterprise network into isolated security zones, meeting compliance mandates (PCI-DSS, HIPAA, SOC 2) for network isolation, or reducing blast radius from a security incident.
Parse Windows Prefetch files (versions 17, 23, 26, 30) with tools like PECmd, WinPrefetchView, or python-prefetch to determine program execution history, including run counts, execution timestamps, and referenced files/DLLs. Use when building a timeline of program execution on a Windows system, confirming whether a suspicious binary ran, or correlating execution evidence with other forensic artifacts during an investigation.
Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom protocols to reverse-engineer beacon patterns, command structures, data encoding, and infrastructure (primary servers, fallback domains, dead drops). Use after reverse engineering reveals network traffic needing protocol analysis or when building detection signatures for a framework like Cobalt Strike, Metasploit, or Sliver.
Scan Linux systems for persistence mechanisms including crontab/systemd entries, LD_PRELOAD injection, shell profile modifications (.bashrc, .profile), and SSH authorized_keys backdoors, then correlate findings with auditd logs into an installation timeline. Use during incident response or threat hunting to detect or confirm how an adversary maintained access to a compromised Linux host.
Deploys and monitors ransomware canary files using Python's watchdog library, placing decoy files mimicking high-value targets (financial records, credentials, database exports) where ransomware enumerates first, and alerting via email, Slack, or syslog on any read/modify/rename/delete. Use for early-warning ransomware detection on file servers, NAS, or endpoints, or to supplement EDR where agents can't be deployed.
Examine NTFS slack space, MFT entries, the USN Change Journal, and Alternate Data Streams (ADS) to recover hidden or residual data, reconstruct deleted-file metadata, and reconstruct available file-system change activity from USN records. Use during deep forensic analysis of an NTFS image when standard file recovery is insufficient, such as hunting for data hidden in ADS.
Reverse engineer Go-compiled malware in Ghidra by parsing Go buildinfo and pclntab structures, recovering stripped/obfuscated function names (e.g. via GoResolver), and extracting embedded module/dependency strings and types from Go binaries. Use when analyzing a Go-language malware sample, deobfuscating a garble-packed Go binary, or recovering function names and third-party dependencies from a stripped Go executable.
Deploys a Software-Defined Perimeter per the CSA v2.0 specification, configuring Single Packet Authorization, mutual TLS, and SDP controller/gateway components to enforce zero trust network access. Use when building or hardening zero trust network architecture, implementing SPA-based "invisible" infrastructure that cloaks services from unauthenticated scanning, or meeting compliance requirements for zero trust network access.
Detect compromised cloud credentials across AWS, Azure, and GCP by analyzing anomalous API activity, impossible-travel patterns, and credential-stuffing indicators using GuardDuty, Microsoft Defender for Identity, and Google SCC Event Threat Detection. Use when investigating alerts about cloud API activity from unfamiliar locations, responding to an exposed-credential notification, or scoping a credential compromise.
Deploy and operationalize Amazon GuardDuty, covering protection plans for S3, EKS, EC2 runtime monitoring, and Lambda, interpreting finding severity, and building automated response with EventBridge and Lambda. Use when establishing threat detection for AWS accounts, investigating findings on compromised instances or credential abuse, or building automated incident-response playbooks.
Detect Business Email Compromise (BEC) fraud, where attackers impersonate executives or vendors to trick employees into wire transfers or data disclosure without malicious links, using email gateway rules, behavioral analytics, and financial process controls. Use when investigating a suspected executive/vendor impersonation email or building detection rules for social-engineering fund-transfer fraud.
Detects and analyzes fileless malware that operates entirely in memory using PowerShell, WMI, .NET reflection, registry-resident payloads, and living-off-the-land binaries (LOLBins) without writing traditional executable files to disk. Use for requests involving fileless threat detection, in-memory malware investigation, LOLBin abuse analysis, or WMI persistence examination.
Deploys Cisco Duo multi-factor authentication across enterprise applications, VPN, RDP, and SSH access points, covering Duo Authentication Proxy setup, adaptive authentication policies, device trust assessment, and phishing-resistant WebAuthn/FIDO2 deployment aligned with NIST 800-63B AAL2/AAL3. Use when adding or hardening MFA for remote access, VPN, or privileged logins with Duo.
Deploy AI and NLP-powered detection systems to identify business email compromise attacks by analyzing writing style, behavioral patterns, and contextual anomalies that evade traditional rule-based filters.
Detect and test for OWASP API3:2023 Broken Object Property Level Authorization (BOPLA), covering excessive data exposure in API responses and mass assignment via injected request-body properties. Use when reviewing API responses/requests for over-exposed or over-writable object fields, or building detection rules and test cases for property-level authorization gaps that object-level checks miss.
Hardens LDAP directory services against credential harvesting, LDAP injection, anonymous binding, and channel-binding bypass by enforcing LDAPS, channel binding, and LDAP signing. Use when securing an LDAP or Active Directory environment against these attack classes or auditing directory service configurations for these vulnerabilities.
Configures Google Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) via gcloud to enforce per-request identity verification on Compute Engine, App Engine, Cloud Run, and GKE, including IAM bindings, Access Context Manager access levels, session/reauth settings, and service-account programmatic access. Use when replacing VPN access with identity-based access to GCP backends or configuring context-aware, zero-trust policies for Google Cloud services.
Configures Hardware Security Modules for cryptographic key storage using the PKCS#11 standard interface, covering key generation, signing, encryption, and key management on physical HSMs and SoftHSM2 for development. Use when protecting cryptographic keys so they never leave a hardened device boundary, or when building and testing PKCS#11-based key management workflows.
Detects and analyzes Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) security attacks including sniffing, replay attacks, GATT enumeration abuse, and Man-in-the-Middle interception. Uses Ubertooth One and nRF52840 sniffers for packet capture, the bleak Python library for GATT service enumeration, and crackle for BLE encryption cracking. Use when assessing IoT device BLE security, monitoring for BLE-based attacks on wireless infrastructure, or performing authorized BLE penetration testing. Activates for requests involving BLE security assessment, Ubertooth sniffing, GATT enumeration, or BLE replay detection.
Detect Azure service principal abuse in Microsoft Entra ID using KQL detection queries (Sentinel/Splunk) against Azure AD Audit and Sign-in Logs, covering added credentials, privileged role assignment, admin consent bypass, and service principal enumeration. Use when investigating suspected privilege escalation or persistence via service principals, or building threat-hunting queries for Entra ID identity abuse.
Audit Azure Blob and ADLS storage accounts for public access exposure, weak or long-lived SAS tokens, missing encryption at rest, disabled HTTPS-only traffic, and outdated TLS versions, using the azure-mgmt-storage Python SDK to generate a risk-scored report. Use when assessing an Azure subscription's storage accounts for misconfiguration, building cloud security posture checks, or investigating a suspected data exposure via public blob access.
Detect lateral movement in Azure AD/Entra ID environments using Microsoft Graph API audit logs, Azure Sentinel KQL hunting queries, and sign-in anomaly correlation to identify privilege escalation, token theft, and cross-tenant pivoting.
Deploys anomaly detection for OT/ICS environments using machine learning on OT network baselines, physics-based process models, and Modbus/DNP3/OPC UA traffic analysis to flag deviations, rogue devices, and mismatches against historian data. Use for continuous OT monitoring, baselining deterministic SCADA polling, or investigating alerts from Nozomi Guardian/Dragos needing deeper protocol analysis.
Build automated AWS GuardDuty finding response pipelines using EventBridge and Lambda to trigger real-time incident response, automatically quarantine compromised resources, and route security notifications. Use when designing automated remediation playbooks for GuardDuty findings across VPC Flow Logs, CloudTrail, DNS, EKS, or S3 data events, or when reducing mean time to respond to cloud threats.
Detect AWS IAM privilege escalation paths using boto3 and Cloudsplaining policy analysis to identify overly permissive policies, dangerous permission combinations, and least-privilege violations
Scan source code repositories, CI/CD pipelines, and configuration files for exposed AWS credentials using TruffleHog, git-secrets, and AWS-native detection. Use when integrating secrets scanning into CI/CD, auditing repositories (including git history) for historically committed AWS keys, responding to a GuardDuty alert about credential use from an unexpected location, or verifying credential rotation removed all exposed keys.
Implement Microsoft's Enhanced Security Admin Environment (ESAE) tiered administration model for Active Directory, covering Tier 0/1/2 separation, privileged access workstations (PAWs), administrative forest design, and authentication policy silos. Use when designing or hardening AD privileged-access architecture, segmenting Domain/Enterprise Admin accounts into tiers, or containing lateral movement and credential theft (pass-the-hash, Kerberoasting, golden tickets).
Run a targeted spearphishing simulation for initial access by developing OSINT-derived pretexts, building payloads (HTML smuggling, macro docs, ISO/LNK, OneNote, QR codes), standing up look-alike-domain email infrastructure with SPF/DKIM/DMARC via GoPhish, and tracking results. Use in authorized engagements to gain initial access via personalized phishing against specific individuals, distinct from broad campaigns.
Plants Canarytokens-based decoy artifacts (honey credentials, DNS tokens, web-bug URLs, AWS keys, documents, kubeconfigs) using Thinkst's open-source Canarytokens project and alerts via email or webhook when a token is touched. Use for high-fidelity intrusion detection in low-telemetry areas like file shares or credential stores, or to catch credential dumping and data-theft staging.
Design and execute a social engineering penetration test combining OSINT-driven target profiling with phishing, vishing, smishing, and physical pretexting campaigns using tools like GoPhish, the Social Engineer Toolkit (SET), and Evilginx to measure human security resilience. Use when scoping or running an authorized human-attack-surface test and reporting results to identify security awareness training gaps.
Detect PowerShell Empire post-exploitation framework artifacts in Windows Script Block Logging (Event ID 4104) and Module Logging (Event ID 4103), including the default launcher string, Base64-encoded WebClient/FromBase64String payloads, known module invocations (Invoke-Mimikatz, Invoke-Kerberoast), and staging URL patterns. Use when hunting for or confirming Empire C2 activity in Windows event logs.
Detect cyber attacks on OT historian servers (OSIsoft PI, Ignition, GE Proficy, Wonderware InSQL) using a Python detector that flags unauthorized queries, data manipulation, and lateral-movement indicators as historians pivot between IT and OT networks. Use when monitoring historians bridging IT/OT zones for compromise, investigating historian-specific CVE exploitation, or validating historian data integrity after a suspected OT incident.
Detect Layer 2 ARP poisoning/spoofing by deploying ARPWatch, Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI), Wireshark packet analysis, and custom Python monitoring scripts that flag gratuitous ARP floods, IP-to-MAC mapping changes, and duplicate IP addresses. Use when investigating suspected man-in-the-middle interception or session hijacking on a local network segment, or when building layer-2 anomaly detection for a SOC.
Detect API enumeration attacks (BOLA/IDOR, OWASP API1:2023) by writing SIEM detection rules that flag sequential or UUID identifier iteration, parameter tampering, and mixed 200/401/403 response patterns from API gateway and WAF logs. Use when investigating suspected object-level authorization abuse, building threat-hunting queries for API access-control bypass, or hardening API logging/rate-limiting against enumeration.
Detects prompt injection using regex signature matching, heuristic scoring for structural anomalies, and DeBERTa-based transformer classification, flagging direct injections (system-prompt overrides, role-play escapes) and indirect injections (encoded payloads, obfuscation) per OWASP LLM Top 10 (LLM01:2025). Use for input validation layers in chatbots/agents/RAG pipelines, or for retrospectively classifying injection attempts in logs or incident investigations.
Deploys and configures Tailscale (or self-hosted Headscale) as a WireGuard-based zero trust mesh VPN, setting up identity-aware ACLs, exit nodes, subnet routers, and MagicDNS for encrypted peer-to-peer connectivity. Use when replacing traditional VPN servers with an identity-authenticated mesh network or enforcing granular per-device access control lists.
Deploys Palo Alto Networks Prisma Access for SASE-based zero trust network access, configuring GlobalProtect agents, ZTNA Connectors, security policy enforcement, and Strata Cloud Manager integration for unified management. Use when implementing enterprise-grade SASE with integrated ZTNA/SWG/CASB/FWaaS, replacing both VPN and branch firewalls with cloud-delivered security, or integrating ZTNA with an existing Palo Alto NGFW estate.
Deploys Cloudflare Access with Cloudflare Tunnel for zero trust access to self-hosted apps, configuring identity-aware policies, device posture checks, and WARP client enrollment as a VPN replacement. Use when replacing VPN with Cloudflare One, exposing internal apps without open inbound ports, or securing contractor/third-party access to specific applications.
Executes authorized phishing simulation campaigns to assess an organization's susceptibility to email-based social engineering attacks. The tester designs realistic phishing scenarios, builds credential harvesting infrastructure, sends targeted phishing emails, and tracks open rates, click-through rates, and credential submission rates to measure human security awareness. Activates for requests involving phishing simulation, social engineering assessment, email security testing, or security awareness measurement.
Systematically deobfuscates multi-layer PowerShell malware using AST analysis, dynamic tracing, and tools like PSDecode and PowerDecode to reveal hidden payloads and C2 infrastructure. Use during incident response or malware analysis when a PowerShell script is obfuscated with encoding, string manipulation, or invocation tricks and you need to recover the underlying commands, dropped payloads, or C2 endpoints.
Perform Pass-the-Ticket (PtT) lateral movement by extracting Kerberos TGT/TGS tickets from LSASS memory on a compromised host and injecting them into another session to impersonate the ticket owner without knowing their password. Use during authorized post-exploitation to move laterally or escalate access via stolen Kerberos tickets, or to validate detections for Kerberos ticket theft and reuse.
Build a two-tier PKI Certificate Authority hierarchy (offline Root CA plus issuing Intermediate CA) using OpenSSL and the Python cryptography library, covering certificate extensions, CRL distribution points, OCSP responder configuration, and certificate policy management. Use when standing up an internal CA, issuing or revoking X.509 certificates, or designing PKI trust hierarchies for TLS, code-signing, or client-authentication use cases.
Respond to phishing incidents by analyzing reported emails, extracting indicators, sandboxing URLs/attachments, assessing credential compromise, quarantining malicious messages organization-wide, and remediating affected accounts. Use when investigating a reported phishing or credential-phishing email, a suspected spearphishing incident, or when a mailbox-wide purge and account remediation is needed.
Wires Promptfoo and DeepTeam into CI/CD for automated, repeatable red-teaming of LLM apps against OWASP LLM Top 10, OWASP Agentic, and MITRE ATLAS presets, failing the build when jailbreak or injection vulnerabilities regress. Use for continuous adversarial testing in CI/CD, a merge-blocking security gate, or comparing model/prompt versions for compliance reporting.
Configures TLS 1.3 (RFC 8446) on servers, covering cipher suite and key-exchange group selection, and validates the resulting configuration with openssl s_client and testssl.sh. Use when deploying or hardening TLS 1.3 for secure communications, or when testing a server for common TLS misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.
Respond to malware infections across enterprise endpoints by identifying the malware family, determining infection vectors, assessing spread, and executing containment, analysis, eradication, and recovery procedures aligned to MITRE ATT&CK. Use when responding to a confirmed or suspected malware infection, including trojan/worm/ransomware outbreaks, malware triage, or infected endpoint remediation.
Conduct internal Active Directory reconnaissance using BloodHound Community Edition's graph database with the SharpHound (AD) and AzureHound (Entra ID) collectors, mapping ACLs, sessions, and group memberships into attack paths from a low-privileged foothold to Domain Admin. Use after an initial AD foothold to identify privilege escalation chains, or to validate that AD hardening closed known attack paths.
Plan and execute a comprehensive, MITRE ATT&CK-aligned red team engagement spanning threat modeling, reconnaissance, initial access, and post-exploitation to evaluate an organization's detection, prevention, and response against APT-style behavior. Use when scoping or running a full-scope, objective-based engagement, or purple-teaming against a specific threat actor's TTPs.
Deploys Llama Guard 3 safety classification, NeMo Guardrails programmable dialogue rails, and LLM Guard input/output scanner pipelines as complementary runtime defenses that inspect and constrain LLM prompts and responses. Use when adding a production runtime safety layer to an LLM, RAG, or agent application to block jailbreaks, prompt injection (OWASP LLM01), toxic content, or sensitive-data leakage before it reaches or leaves the model.
Perform DCSync attacks by abusing MS-DRSR replication rights (DS-Replication-Get-Changes/-All) to impersonate a Domain Controller and extract KRBTGT, Domain Admin, and service account hashes for Golden Ticket forging, typically with Mimikatz. Use in authorized engagements after finding principals with replication rights, to establish long-term domain persistence, or to validate detections for replication abuse.
Conduct external recon using OSINT techniques to map an organization's external attack surface without touching target systems, gathering DNS records, certificate transparency logs, search results, social media, code repositories, and breach databases into a target profile. Use for the passive info-gathering phase of a pentest, external footprinting, or collecting employee/email intel for a social engineering campaign.
Detect command-and-control (C2) traffic tunneled over DNS from tools like Iodine, dnscat2, dns2tcp, and Cobalt Strike DNS beacon, using Shannon entropy analysis of query subdomains, ML-based DGA classification, passive DNS correlation, and Zeek/Suricata signatures. Use when investigating suspected DNS tunneling, classifying DGA domains, detecting DNS beaconing, or building DNS anomaly rules for a SOC/SIEM.
Detect command injection against Modbus TCP/RTU in ICS/SCADA environments by monitoring unauthorized writes, anomalous function codes, malformed frames, and deviations from communication baselines using ICS-aware IDS and deep packet inspection. Use when deploying IDS for Modbus OT networks, investigating unauthorized PLC register/coil changes, or responding to FrostyGoop-style Modbus attacks.
Deploy and configure Zeek (formerly Bro) to passively analyze network traffic, generate structured connection/DNS/HTTP/SSL/file logs, detect anomalous behavior, and write custom scripts for organization-specific threats. Use for passive monitoring at network choke points, feeding SIEM/threat hunting with protocol metadata, or retrospective log analysis during incident response; not a substitute for inline IDS/IPS or host agents.
Detect MITRE ATLAS AML.T0024 attacks (model stealing, inversion, membership inference) performed via inference-API abuse, by monitoring per-principal query volume/distribution, rate-limiting and perturbing outputs, and red-teaming your model's extractability. Use for a public or partner inference API needing cloning/inversion/membership-inference detection, or a pre-deployment red-team exercise to measure extraction risk.
Detect network reconnaissance and port scanning using Suricata and Snort IDS signatures, threshold-based detection rules, and traffic anomaly analysis to identify Nmap, Masscan, and custom scanning activity.
Detect NTLM relay attacks (T1557.001) by correlating Windows Event 4624 LogonType 3 for IP-to-hostname mismatches, identifying Responder/LLMNR poisoning artifacts, auditing SMB/LDAP signing, and flagging NTLMv2-to-NTLMv1 downgrades. Use for hunting credential relay in NTLM-enabled AD, investigating auth-source anomalies, building SIEM correlation rules, or responding to PetitPotam/DFSCoerce/PrinterBug alerts.
Detect and respond to OAuth token theft and replay in Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD), covering access token theft, refresh token replay, Primary Refresh Token (PRT) abuse, pass-the-cookie attacks, and Token Protection conditional access policies. Use for impossible-travel or anomalous token-usage alerts, suspected session hijacking, sign-in log analysis, or configuring token-binding defenses in Azure/M365.
Detect Pass-the-Hash (T1550.002) attacks by analyzing NTLM authentication patterns, flagging Type 3 logons using NTLM where Kerberos would be expected, and correlating with credential-dumping indicators. Use when threat hunting for lateral movement via stolen NTLM hashes, triaging EDR/SIEM alerts on suspicious NTLM logons, scoping compromise during incident response, or validating detection coverage in a purple team exercise.
Detect Kerberos Pass-the-Ticket (PtT) attacks by analyzing Windows Event IDs 4768, 4769, and 4771 for anomalous ticket usage patterns, with detection queries for Splunk and Elastic SIEM. Use when investigating incidents involving stolen or replayed Kerberos tickets, building detection rules or threat hunting queries for ticket abuse, or validating SOC monitoring coverage for credential-theft attack techniques.
Configures Fail2ban with custom filters and actions to detect port scanning activity, SSH brute force attempts, and network reconnaissance, automatically banning offending IP addresses and alerting security teams to suspicious network probing.
Detect privilege escalation attempts across Windows and Linux, including access token manipulation, UAC bypass, unquoted service path abuse, kernel exploits, and sudo/doas abuse. Use when threat hunting for T1068-style privilege escalation, triaging EDR/SIEM alerts on suspicious privilege changes, scoping compromise during incident response, or validating detection coverage in a purple team exercise.
Detects and analyzes process injection techniques used by malware including classic DLL injection, process hollowing, APC injection, thread hijacking, and reflective loading. Uses memory forensics, API monitoring, and behavioral analysis to identify injection artifacts. Activates for requests involving process injection detection, code injection analysis, hollowed process investigation, or in-memory threat detection.
Detect and prevent privilege escalation in Kubernetes pods by combining admission control (OPA policies), runtime monitoring (Falco), and audit log analysis of security contexts, Linux capabilities, and syscall patterns. Use when hardening pod security policies, investigating a pod running as root or privileged, or hunting for containers escaping their intended scope.
Detect process hollowing (MITRE T1055.012) by analyzing memory-mapped sections, hollowed process indicators, and parent-child anomalies using EDR telemetry, Volatility's malfind plugin, pe-sieve, Hollows Hunter, and Sysmon Event ID 25. Use when investigating a legitimate-looking process (svchost.exe, explorer.exe, rundll32.exe) suspected of hosting injected code via NtUnmapViewOfSection.
Detects ransomware encryption activity in real time using entropy analysis, file system I/O monitoring (Sysmon, watchdog, psutil), and behavioral scoring to identify mass file modification, abnormal entropy spikes in written data, and suspicious process behavior characteristic of encryption routines. Use when building real-time ransomware detection, tuning entropy thresholds, or investigating suspected active encryption on an endpoint.
Detect and prevent QR code phishing (quishing) attacks that embed malicious URLs inside QR code images to bypass link-based email security, using image-based threat detection, OCR/QR decoding, and mobile-side scanning (Microsoft Defender for O365, Proofpoint TAP, Barracuda Multimodal AI). Use when configuring gateway rules against QR phishing or investigating suspicious emails containing QR codes.
Detect RDP brute force attacks by parsing Windows Security Event Logs (EVTX files, via python-evtx) for failed logon patterns (Event ID 4625, Logon Type 10/3), correlating with successful logons (Event ID 4624), and analyzing NLA failures and source IP frequency. Use when investigating exposed RDP endpoints, building SIEM detection rules for credential guessing, or confirming whether a compromised account followed a brute-force pattern.
Detects early-stage ransomware indicators in network traffic before encryption begins, including initial access broker activity, command-and-control beaconing, credential harvesting, reconnaissance scanning, and staging behavior. Uses network detection tools (Zeek, Suricata, Arkime), SIEM correlation rules, and threat intelligence feeds to identify ransomware precursor patterns such as Cobalt Strike beacons, Mimikatz network signatures, and RDP brute-force attempts. Activates for requests involving pre-ransomware detection, network-based ransomware indicators, or early warning ransomware monitoring.
Detects rootkit presence on compromised systems by identifying hidden processes, hooked system calls, modified kernel structures, and covert network connections using Volatility memory forensics, cross-view detection, and tools like GMER, rkhunter, chkrootkit, and RootkitRevealer. Use when standard tools (Task Manager, netstat, AV/EDR) show nothing abnormal but compromise is suspected.
Detecting data exfiltration attempts from AWS S3 buckets by analyzing CloudTrail S3 data events, VPC Flow Logs, GuardDuty findings, Amazon Macie alerts, and S3 access patterns to identify unauthorized bulk downloads and cross-account data transfers.
Detect UEFI Secure Boot bypasses and bootkits such as BlackLotus and Bootkitty by verifying Secure Boot state, checking dbx revocation currency, and hashing EFI boot binaries against known-bad sets using mokutil, efi-readvar/dbxtool, CHIPSEC, sbverify/pesign, and Windows Confirm-SecureBootUEFI. Use when auditing fleet dbx rollout after a bootkit advisory or hunting for pre-OS persistence on a suspected-compromised endpoint.
Detects and prevents code injection attacks targeting serverless functions (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Google Cloud Functions) through event source poisoning, malicious layer injection, runtime command execution, and IAM privilege escalation via function modification. The analyst combines static analysis of function code, CloudTrail event correlation, runtime behavior monitoring, and IAM policy auditing to identify injection vectors across the expanded serverless attack surface including API Gateway, S3, SQS, DynamoDB Streams, and CloudWatch event triggers. Activates for requests involving Lambda security assessment, serverless injection detection, function event poisoning analysis, or serverless privilege escalation investigation.
Discover and inventory shadow API endpoints that operate outside documented OpenAPI/Swagger specs, using traffic analysis against API gateways (Kong, AWS API Gateway, Envoy), cloud configuration scanning, and source code repository mining for undocumented routes. Use when assessing API attack surface, auditing for forgotten test environments or deprecated API versions still running, or building an API registration governance policy.
Detect abuse of service accounts by hunting for anomalous interactive logons, privilege escalation, and lateral movement using EDR/SIEM telemetry (CrowdStrike Falcon, Microsoft Defender, Splunk, Elastic Security, Sysmon, Velociraptor) and Sigma detection rules. Use when hunting for service-account misuse or investigating a service account performing unexpected interactive logons.
Detect unauthorized SaaS and cloud service usage (shadow IT) by parsing proxy access logs, DNS query logs, and firewall/netflow data with Python pandas to aggregate traffic by domain, classify domains against known SaaS categories, and score risk by data volume and user count. Use when auditing an organization for unsanctioned cloud/SaaS usage or generating a shadow IT discovery report with remediation recommendations.
Analyze WAF (ModSecurity/AWS WAF/Cloudflare) logs to detect SQL injection attack campaigns. Parses ModSecurity audit logs and JSON WAF event logs to identify SQLi patterns (UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, SLEEP(), BENCHMARK()), tracks attack sources, correlates multi-stage injection attempts, and generates incident reports with OWASP classification.
Detect and block spearphishing emails that use personalized, researched content to evade generic spam filters, by configuring email security gateway (SEG) impersonation protection, URL rewriting, attachment sandboxing, and custom detection rules in Microsoft Defender for Office 365, Proofpoint, Mimecast, or Barracuda. Use when hardening a mail gateway against targeted phishing or investigating a suspected spearphishing campaign.
Detects sophisticated cyber-physical attacks that follow the Stuxnet pattern of modifying PLC logic while spoofing sensor readings to hide the manipulation, using PLC logic integrity monitoring (Claroty xDome, Nozomi Guardian) and physics-based process anomaly detection. Use when hunting for IT-to-OT lateral movement or discrepancies between PLC program state and physical process behavior in ICS/SCADA environments.
Scans GitHub Actions workflows and CI/CD pipeline configurations for supply chain attack vectors including unpinned actions, script injection via expressions, dependency confusion, and secrets exposure. Uses PyGithub and YAML parsing for automated audit. Use when hardening CI/CD pipelines or investigating compromised build systems.
Run CloudFox's read-only Describe/List/Get enumeration (all-checks, role-trusts, secrets, endpoints, and permissions commands) to map AWS and Azure attack paths and surface exploitable misconfigurations. Use immediately after obtaining a cloud credential to build situational awareness, find exposed resources and secrets, or map sts:AssumeRole trust relationships for lateral-movement/privilege-escalation planning.
Detect risky OAuth application consent grants in Azure AD / Microsoft Entra ID using Microsoft Graph API, audit logs, and permission analysis to identify illicit consent grant attacks.
Hunt for suspicious PowerShell execution (T1059.001) such as encoded commands, download cradles, AMSI bypass, and constrained language mode evasion using EDR telemetry (CrowdStrike, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint), Sysmon, and SIEM queries (Splunk, Elastic). Use when proactively threat hunting, triaging EDR/SIEM alerts, or scoping an incident involving malicious PowerShell activity.
Detect OS credential dumping (MITRE T1003) targeting LSASS memory, the SAM database, NTDS.dit, and cached credentials by correlating EDR telemetry, Sysmon process-access events, and Windows security event logs. Use when hunting for Mimikatz-style credential theft, triaging an EDR alert on LSASS access, or scoping an incident after suspected credential dumping.
Detect process injection techniques (T1055) - including DLL injection, process hollowing, and APC injection - by analyzing Sysmon Event IDs 1, 7, 8, 10, and 25 for cross-process memory operations, remote thread creation, and anomalous DLL loads. Use when hunting defense-evasion activity that hides code inside legitimate processes, investigating an EDR alert on suspicious cross-process access, or validating Sysmon coverage for injection detection.
Detect abuse of elevation control mechanisms (T1548), including Windows UAC bypass via auto-elevating binaries like fodhelper.exe and Linux sudo/setuid/setgid exploitation, by monitoring registry changes, integrity-level transitions, and parent-child process relationships via Sysmon and Windows Security events. Use when hunting privilege-escalation activity or validating elevation-abuse detection coverage.
Detects typosquatting attacks in npm and PyPI package registries by analyzing package name similarity using Levenshtein distance and other string metrics, examining publish date heuristics to identify recently created packages mimicking established ones, and flagging download count anomalies where suspicious packages have disproportionately low usage compared to their legitimate targets. The analyst queries the PyPI JSON API and npm registry API to gather package metadata for automated comparison. Activates for requests involving package typosquatting detection, dependency confusion analysis, malicious package identification, or software supply chain threat hunting in package registries.
Flag misspelled, brandjacked, and typosquatted package names across npm, PyPI, and crates.io before installation, using edit-distance, keyboard-proximity, and known-target corpus matching with typomania, Microsoft OSSGadget's oss-find-squats, and pypi-scan. Use before adding a new dependency, as a CI/CD gate on pull requests, when reviewing an AI-generated ("slopsquatting") dependency list, or when auditing a lockfile diff for a swapped package.
Detect WMI event subscription persistence (MITRE T1546.003) by analyzing Sysmon Event IDs 19, 20, and 21 for malicious EventFilter, EventConsumer, and FilterToConsumerBinding creation, cross-referenced against root\subscription namespace contents and Sysinternals Autoruns. Use when hunting WMI-based persistence, triaging a Sysmon alert on these event IDs, or during incident response and purple-team validation of WMI defenses.
Install and run Stratus Red Team to detonate granular, MITRE ATT&CK-mapped AWS, Azure, GCP, and Kubernetes attack techniques through their warmup-detonate-revert-cleanup lifecycle, then verify the telemetry they generate. Use to validate that cloud detections (CloudTrail, GuardDuty, Microsoft Sentinel, GCP SCC, Falco) actually fire, or to run a repeatable purple-team exercise generating realistic attacker telemetry.
Exploit privileged pods, host mounts, runC CVEs, and exposed Docker sockets to break out of a container and reach the underlying host during authorized container-security assessments.
Systematically map and remove malware, backdoors, and attacker persistence mechanisms (registry Run keys, scheduled tasks, WMI subscriptions, services, cron/init.d) from infected Windows and Linux systems using Autoruns, EDR/AV, and YARA, restoring a clean state while preventing re-infection. Use after containment and forensic analysis have identified all compromised systems and persistence mechanisms and you are ready to eradicate and recover.
Evaluates and selects Threat Intelligence Platform (TIP) products based on organizational requirements including feed integration capability, STIX/TAXII support, workflow automation, analyst interface, and total cost of ownership. Use when conducting a TIP procurement, migrating between TIP solutions, or assessing whether the current TIP meets program maturity requirements. Activates for requests involving ThreatConnect, MISP, OpenCTI, Anomali, EclecticIQ, or TIP procurement decisions.
Executes authorized attack simulations against Active Directory environments to identify misconfigurations, weak credentials, dangerous privilege paths, and exploitable trust relationships that could lead to domain compromise. The tester uses BloodHound for attack path analysis, Mimikatz for credential extraction, and Impacket for protocol-level attacks including Kerberoasting, AS-REP Roasting, and delegation abuse. Activates for requests involving Active Directory pentest, AD attack simulation, domain compromise testing, or Kerberos attack assessment.
Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket's dpapi.py, including domain-wide decryption via the DPAPI backup key. Use during authorized red-team credential-access engagements after gaining a foothold or when triaging DPAPI blobs pulled from a host.
Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target's NT hash without a password reset. Use when BloodHound shows GenericWrite/GenericAll/AddKeyCredentialLink over a target, as a stealthier alternative to ForceChangePassword, during authorized red-team engagements.
Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.
Detect Mimikatz credential-dumping activity via command-line pattern matching, LSASS access signatures, binary/hash indicators, and in-memory detection of known Mimikatz modules. Use when threat hunting for T1003 credential access, triaging EDR/SIEM alerts on LSASS access, scoping compromise during incident response, or validating detection coverage in a purple team exercise.
Detect and test for OWASP API3:2023 Broken Object Property Level Authorization (BOPLA), covering excessive data exposure in API responses and mass assignment via injected request-body properties. Use when reviewing API responses/requests for over-exposed or over-writable object fields, or building detection rules and test cases for property-level authorization gaps that object-level checks miss.
Write and tune Falco rules that monitor Linux syscalls to detect container escape techniques in real time, including host filesystem mounts, sensitive host path access, kernel module loading, and abuse of privileged container capabilities. Use when deploying or tuning Falco for a Kubernetes/container environment, or when investigating an alert tied to syscall-level escape behavior.
Identifies and unpacks UPX-packed malware samples, including binaries with modified UPX magic bytes or headers that block automated decompression, to recover the original executable for static analysis. Use when a sample shows high entropy, minimal imports, or only LoadLibrary/GetProcAddress in its import table, or when preparing a packed binary for disassembly in Ghidra or IDA.
Detect sandbox and VM evasion techniques in malware samples by analyzing timing checks, VM/hypervisor artifact queries, user-interaction checks, and sleep-inflation patterns from Cuckoo or AnyRun behavioral reports. Use when a sample shows no or minimal activity in a sandbox, when a behavioral report needs review for evasion indicators, or when building detections for anti-analysis techniques.
Reverse engineer Go-compiled malware in Ghidra by parsing Go buildinfo and pclntab structures, recovering stripped/obfuscated function names (e.g. via GoResolver), and extracting embedded module/dependency strings and types from Go binaries. Use when analyzing a Go-language malware sample, deobfuscating a garble-packed Go binary, or recovering function names and third-party dependencies from a stripped Go executable.
Parses the Windows Amcache.hve registry hive with Eric Zimmerman's AmcacheParser and Timeline Explorer to extract evidence of program execution, application installation, and driver loading, including SHA-1 hash correlation with threat intel and timeline reconstruction. Use for Amcache forensics, program execution evidence gathering, or application compatibility cache investigations in DFIR work.
Systematically map threat actor behavior and observed IOCs to the MITRE ATT&CK framework, build technique coverage heatmaps with the ATT&CK Navigator, identify detection gaps, and produce actionable threat intelligence reports across the Enterprise, Mobile, and ICS matrices. Use when analyzing threat actor TTPs, correlating IOCs to specific ATT&CK techniques, or assessing defensive detection coverage against adversary behavior.
Parse Windows Prefetch (.pf) files with the windowsprefetch Python library to reconstruct application execution history, run counts, and accessed file/volume lists. Use when investigating renamed or masquerading binaries, verifying program execution timelines, or hunting for suspicious execution patterns in incident response.
Configure a GitLab CI/CD pipeline that embeds SAST (Semgrep, SpotBugs, Gosec, Bandit, NodeJsScan), DAST, container scanning, dependency scanning, and secret detection via GitLab's managed security templates. Use when building a shift-left DevSecOps pipeline in GitLab, adding automated vulnerability scanning stages to .gitlab-ci.yml, or triaging scanner findings with GitLab Duo AI before deployment.
Configure AWS Verified Access to provide VPN-less zero trust network access to internal apps, combining identity trust providers (IAM Identity Center, Okta/OIDC), device posture providers (CrowdStrike, Jamf), Cedar policy authoring, and Terraform deployment. Use when replacing VPN access with ZTNA, writing Cedar access policies, or deploying Verified Access instances, groups, and endpoints across AWS accounts.
Build a vulnerability exception and risk acceptance tracking system covering approval workflows, compensating controls documentation, and automatic expiration for vulnerabilities that miss SLA remediation timelines. Use when standing up a governance process for risk acceptance and exception approvals to support PCI DSS, SOC 2, or NIST CSF compliance.
Deploy DefectDojo as a centralized vulnerability management dashboard that ingests findings from 200+ security scanners, deduplicates results, tracks remediation metrics, and integrates with CI/CD, Jira ticketing, and Slack notifications via its REST API. Use when consolidating scanner output into one dashboard or automating vulnerability ticketing and executive reporting.
Collect volatile forensic evidence from a compromised host by following the order of volatility, preserving memory, network connections, running processes, and system state with documented chain of custody before they are lost. Use before isolating, shutting down, or remediating a compromised host, especially when fileless or memory-resident malware is suspected, root cause analysis is needed, or the evidence must hold up in legal proceedings.
Deploys anomaly detection for OT/ICS environments using machine learning on OT network baselines, physics-based process models, and Modbus/DNP3/OPC UA traffic analysis to flag deviations, rogue devices, and mismatches against historian data. Use for continuous OT monitoring, baselining deterministic SCADA polling, or investigating alerts from Nozomi Guardian/Dragos needing deeper protocol analysis.
Design and execute a social engineering penetration test combining OSINT-driven target profiling with phishing, vishing, smishing, and physical pretexting campaigns using tools like GoPhish, the Social Engineer Toolkit (SET), and Evilginx to measure human security resilience. Use when scoping or running an authorized human-attack-surface test and reporting results to identify security awareness training gaps.
Configures microsegmentation policies to enforce least-privilege workload-to-workload access using tools such as VMware NSX, Illumio, and Calico, preventing lateral movement in zero trust architectures. Use when designing or implementing network microsegmentation as part of a zero trust architecture aligned with NIST SP 800-207.
Deploys Cisco Duo multi-factor authentication across enterprise applications, VPN, RDP, and SSH access points, covering Duo Authentication Proxy setup, adaptive authentication policies, device trust assessment, and phishing-resistant WebAuthn/FIDO2 deployment aligned with NIST 800-63B AAL2/AAL3. Use when adding or hardening MFA for remote access, VPN, or privileged logins with Duo.
Deploys and configures Suricata IDS/IPS with Emerging Threats rulesets, EVE JSON logging, and custom rules for high-throughput, protocol-aware traffic inspection (HTTP, TLS, DNS, SMB) and SIEM integration. Use when running Suricata in IDS or inline IPS mode to detect or block malicious traffic, or when combining signature-based and protocol anomaly detection with file extraction.
Detect Azure service principal abuse in Microsoft Entra ID using KQL detection queries (Sentinel/Splunk) against Azure AD Audit and Sign-in Logs, covering added credentials, privileged role assignment, admin consent bypass, and service principal enumeration. Use when investigating suspected privilege escalation or persistence via service principals, or building threat-hunting queries for Entra ID identity abuse.
Detect DCSync attacks (MITRE T1003.006) where adversaries abuse Active Directory replication privileges to extract password hashes, by auditing Event ID 4662 for the DS-Replication-Get-Changes GUIDs and flagging non-domain-controller accounts issuing DsGetNCChanges RPC calls. Use when hunting for credential theft via Mimikatz lsadump::dcsync or Impacket secretsdump, investigating lateral movement with domain admin credentials, or auditing AD replication permissions.
Detect abuse of legitimate Windows binaries (LOLBins) used for living off the land attacks. Monitors process creation, command-line arguments, and parent-child relationships to identify suspicious LOLBin execution patterns.
Detects and analyzes malicious behavior in mobile applications through behavioral analysis, permission abuse detection, network traffic monitoring, and dynamic instrumentation. Use when analyzing suspicious mobile applications for data exfiltration, command-and-control communication, credential stealing, SMS interception, or other malware indicators. Activates for requests involving mobile malware analysis, app behavior monitoring, trojan detection, or suspicious app investigation.
Query the Malpedia API to look up malware family aliases and naming (platform.family_name), pull community/vendor YARA rules, link families to threat actors, and map family relationships such as loader-payload chains and shared authorship. Use when researching a malware family's aliases, lineage, or actor attribution, or when sourcing YARA rules for detection.
Parse Chromium-based browser databases with Hindsight to extract and correlate browsing history, downloads, cookies, cached content, autofill data, saved passwords, and extensions from Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera, and Vivaldi into a unified timeline (XLSX, JSON, or SQLite output). Use during incident response, insider-threat investigations, or criminal cases when you need to reconstruct a user's web activity from a browser profile.
Create forensically sound bit-for-bit disk images with dd or dcfldd on a Linux forensic workstation, preserving evidence integrity through hash verification (MD5/SHA) during acquisition. Use when imaging a suspect drive, USB device, or memory card for investigation, preserving volatile disk evidence during incident response, or producing a verified copy for legal or law-enforcement proceedings before any destructive analysis.
Perform comprehensive forensic analysis of raw (dd), E01, or AFF disk images with Autopsy and The Sleuth Kit, recovering deleted files, examining metadata and embedded artifacts, keyword searching, and building investigation timelines with visual reports. Use for structured analysis of a forensic disk image or when stakeholders need visual reports from evidence.
Query ATT&CK data with attackcti, mitreattack-python, and stix2, then build MITRE ATT&CK Navigator layers and multi-layer heatmap overlays mapping one or more APT groups' TTPs for detection-gap analysis. Use to compare threat-actor technique coverage, find gaps in detection engineering, or produce Navigator visualizations for threat-intel reporting.
Analyzes bootkit and advanced rootkit malware infecting the Master Boot Record (MBR), Volume Boot Record (VBR), or UEFI firmware for below-OS persistence, covering boot sector analysis, UEFI module inspection, and anti-rootkit detection. Use when compromise survives OS reinstallation or antivirus/EDR fails to detect malware despite clear infection signs.
Extract and decrypt Windows DPAPI-protected secrets (Credential Manager, browser logins/cookies, Wi-Fi credentials, KeePass keys) online or offline using SharpDPAPI, SharpChrome, Mimikatz, or Impacket's dpapi.py, including domain-wide decryption via the DPAPI backup key. Use during authorized red-team credential-access engagements after gaining a foothold or when triaging DPAPI blobs pulled from a host.
Detect abnormal access in AWS S3, GCS, and Azure Blob Storage by analyzing CloudTrail Data Events, GCS audit logs, and Azure Storage Analytics for after-hours bulk downloads, new-IP access, and API-call spikes (e.g. GetObject) via statistical baselines and time-series anomaly detection. Use when investigating suspected cloud data exfiltration or building related detection rules.
Systematically evaluate cyber-campaign evidence to attribute an operation to a threat actor, using the Diamond Model and Analysis of Competing Hypotheses (ACH) to weigh infrastructure overlaps, TTP consistency, malware code similarity, and timing/language artifacts into confidence-weighted attribution assessments. Use when an incident investigation needs a defensible attribution confidence level.
Examine Linux system artifacts (auth logs, cron/systemd persistence, shell history, SSH keys, and system configuration) to uncover evidence of compromise, detect rootkits or backdoors, and reconstruct user/attacker activity. Use when investigating a compromised Linux server or workstation, hunting for persistence mechanisms, or scoping a Linux-based breach during incident response.
Analyze Windows LNK shortcut files and Jump List artifacts with LECmd, JLECmd, and manual Shell Link Binary Format parsing to establish evidence of file access, program execution, and user activity that persists even after the target file is deleted. Use when investigating Windows user activity, reconstructing file-access or program-execution timelines, or examining recent/frequently-used file evidence in a forensic exam.
Detect kernel-level rootkits in Linux memory dumps using Volatility3 linux plugins (check_syscall, lsmod, hidden_modules), rkhunter system scanning, and /proc vs /sys discrepancy analysis to identify hooked syscalls, hidden kernel modules, and tampered system structures.
Parse and analyze Cobalt Strike Malleable C2 profiles with dissect.cobaltstrike (profiles and beacon-payload configs) and pyMalleableC2 (AST parsing) to extract HTTP/DNS transforms, URIs, headers, sleep/jitter, and injection behavior, then generate network detection signatures. Use when reverse-engineering a captured malleable profile or building detections against Cobalt Strike Beacon traffic.
Take over Active Directory accounts by writing attacker-controlled public keys to msDS-KeyCredentialLink (Shadow Credentials) with pyWhisker, Whisker, or Certipy, then authenticate via PKINIT to recover the target's NT hash without a password reset. Use when BloodHound shows GenericWrite/GenericAll/AddKeyCredentialLink over a target, as a stealthier alternative to ForceChangePassword, during authorized red-team engagements.
Perform static analysis of malicious PDF documents using peepdf, pdfid, and pdf-parser to extract embedded JavaScript, shellcode, and suspicious objects. Use when triaging a suspicious PDF attachment from a phishing email, analyzing a PDF-based exploit document, or building detection signatures for weaponized PDF threats.
Analyze malicious Linux ELF binaries — botnets, cryptominers, ransomware, and rootkits targeting Linux servers, containers, and cloud infrastructure — through static analysis, dynamic tracing, and reverse engineering of x86_64 and ARM samples. Use when investigating Linux malware, triaging a suspicious ELF binary, assessing a compromised Linux server, or analyzing container-targeted malware.
Scan Linux systems for persistence mechanisms including crontab/systemd entries, LD_PRELOAD injection, shell profile modifications (.bashrc, .profile), and SSH authorized_keys backdoors, then correlate findings with auditd logs into an installation timeline. Use during incident response or threat hunting to detect or confirm how an adversary maintained access to a compromised Linux host.
Detect PowerShell Empire post-exploitation framework artifacts in Windows Script Block Logging (Event ID 4104) and Module Logging (Event ID 4103), including the default launcher string, Base64-encoded WebClient/FromBase64String payloads, known module invocations (Invoke-Mimikatz, Invoke-Kerberoast), and staging URL patterns. Use when hunting for or confirming Empire C2 activity in Windows event logs.
Parse Windows Prefetch files (versions 17, 23, 26, 30) with tools like PECmd, WinPrefetchView, or python-prefetch to determine program execution history, including run counts, execution timestamps, and referenced files/DLLs. Use when building a timeline of program execution on a Windows system, confirming whether a suspicious binary ran, or correlating execution evidence with other forensic artifacts during an investigation.
Parse Microsoft Outlook PST and OST files using libpff and pst-utils to extract message content, headers, attachments, deleted items, and MAPI metadata, including recovery of items from the Recoverable Items folder. Use when conducting email forensic investigations, legal e-discovery, or incident response that requires reconstructing communication patterns or tracing message routing from Outlook archives.
Safely monitor ransomware group Tor-hosted data leak sites (DLS) to collect and extract structured victim posting data, track group activity trends over time, and produce sector- and geography-specific ransomware risk assessments. Use when performing threat intelligence gathering on active ransomware groups or building proactive defense reporting from double-extortion leak-site activity.
Identify ransomware-related network indicators, including C2 beaconing patterns, TOR exit node connections, data exfiltration flows, and encryption key exchange, by analyzing Zeek conn.log and NetFlow data. Use when threat hunting for active ransomware network activity or investigating suspected pre-encryption exfiltration during incident response.
Detect and analyze covert communication channels used by malware, including DNS tunneling, ICMP exfiltration, steganographic HTTP, and other protocol abuse used for C2 and data exfiltration. Use when investigating suspicious DNS/ICMP/HTTP traffic patterns, hunting for hidden C2 channels in network captures, or attributing exfiltration traffic to a known tunneling toolset.
Detonate malware samples in Cuckoo Sandbox to observe runtime behavior — process creation, file system and registry changes, network communications, and API calls — and generate behavioral reports for classification and IOC extraction. Use when a sample has passed static triage and needs dynamic/behavioral analysis, when mapping a full infection chain, or when building YARA/behavioral signatures from observed sandbox activity.
Investigate compromised Docker containers by analyzing images, layers, volumes, logs, and runtime artifacts to identify malicious activity and evidence.
Analyze the NTFS Master File Table ($MFT) with MFTECmd, analyzeMFT, and X-Ways Forensics to recover metadata and content of deleted files by examining MFT record entries, $LogFile, $UsnJrnl, and MFT slack space. Use when recovering evidence of deleted files, reconstructing NTFS file-system timelines, or detecting anti-forensic timestomping during a Windows forensic examination.
Map advanced persistent threat (APT) group TTPs to the MITRE ATT&CK framework using the attackcti Python library to query STIX/TAXII data for group-technique associations, then generate ATT&CK Navigator layer files to visualize and compare defensive coverage against adversary profiles. Use when profiling an APT group's techniques, building Navigator coverage heatmaps, or assessing technique coverage gaps against a specific threat actor.
Parse Windows LNK shortcut files to extract target paths, MAC timestamps, volume serial numbers, and machine identifiers for forensic timeline reconstruction. Use when investigating recently-accessed files, tracking removable media or network paths referenced by shortcuts, or building a DFIR timeline from LNK artifacts.
Extract and analyze Windows Registry hives with tools like RegRipper and Registry Explorer to uncover user activity, installed software, autostart/persistence entries, and evidence of system compromise. Use when investigating registry-based persistence, reconstructing user or system activity, or performing DFIR triage on a Windows image.
Query a MISP (Malware Information Sharing Platform) instance via PyMISP to compute event statistics, IOC type breakdowns, threat actor galaxy clusters, and tag trends, and generate threat landscape reports with temporal trends. Use when asked to analyze threat intelligence data, summarize top threat actors or malware families, or produce a CTI landscape report from MISP events.
Analyzes UEFI bootkit persistence (SPI flash implants, ESP modifications, Secure Boot bypass, UEFI variable manipulation) using chipsec for firmware integrity verification, detecting known families like BlackLotus, LoJax, and MoonBounce. Use for UEFI malware analysis, firmware persistence investigation, or Secure Boot bypass detection.
Correlate Windows registry keys (USBSTOR, MountedDevices), Event Logs, and setupapi.dev.log to reconstruct USB device connection history, first/last-plugged timestamps, and drive letter mappings. Use when investigating removable media usage, tracking device provenance, or building a timeline for suspected data exfiltration.
Drive the AADInternals PowerShell toolkit to perform Microsoft Entra ID tenant reconnaissance, access-token acquisition across Microsoft APIs, and federation/AD FS backdoor testing (Golden SAML, T1606.002) for defensive validation. Use during an authorized Entra ID/Microsoft 365 red-team assessment to map external attack surface or verify AD FS signing certs resist Golden SAML.
Analyze Windows Shellbag (BagMRU) registry artifacts with SBECmd and Shellbags Explorer to reconstruct folder browsing activity and prove user interaction with directories, including removable media and network shares, even after the folders are deleted. Use when reconstructing a user's folder access history or proving access to a since-removed directory in DFIR work.
Test RAG vector stores (Pinecone, Qdrant, Weaviate, Chroma, pgvector, FAISS) for embedding inversion, cross-tenant data leakage, and data poisoning per OWASP LLM08:2025. Use when performing an authorized security assessment of a RAG pipeline's retrieval layer or auditing multi-tenant vector-store isolation.
Audit AWS, Azure, and GCP environments against the CIS Foundations Benchmarks by running automated scans with tools like Prowler and ScoutSuite, interpreting failed controls, and tracking remediation for continuous compliance. Use when conducting a cloud security audit, validating CIS benchmark compliance (CIS v5 AWS, v4 Azure, v4 GCP), or setting up continuous cloud compliance monitoring.
Investigate supply chain attack artifacts including trojanized software updates, compromised build pipelines, and sideloaded dependencies to identify intrusion vectors and scope of compromise.
Parses Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) in CycloneDX and SPDX JSON formats to identify supply chain vulnerabilities by correlating components against the NVD CVE database via the NVD 2.0 API. Builds dependency graphs, calculates risk scores, identifies transitive vulnerability paths, and generates compliance reports. Activates for requests involving SBOM analysis, software composition analysis, supply chain security assessment, dependency vulnerability scanning, CycloneDX/SPDX parsing, or CVE correlation.
Build dumb-pipe and traffic-filtering C2 redirectors with nginx (proxy_pass) and Apache (mod_rewrite), deriving filter rules from a Malleable C2 profile, layering Let's Encrypt TLS, and applying OPSEC controls like domain fronting and UA/geo filtering. Use when standing up red-team C2 that must survive blue-team triage or ensuring only profile-matching implant traffic reaches the hidden team server.
Configure SAML 2.0 identity federation between on-premises Active Directory (via AD FS or a third-party IdP) and Microsoft Entra ID, covering federation models (AD FS, password hash sync, pass-through auth, third-party IdP) and the SAML authentication flow. Use when extending on-premises authentication authority to cloud resources or designing hybrid identity SSO architecture for Entra ID.
Design identity governance and lifecycle (IGA) programs on platforms like SailPoint, Saviynt, or Entra ID Governance, covering joiner-mover-leaver (JML) automation, role mining, access requests, periodic recertification, and orphaned-account remediation sourced from an HR feed. Use when automating cross-system JML provisioning, remediating former-employee access, or building lifecycle processes for SOX, HIPAA, or GDPR compliance.
Deploy Microsoft Sentinel as a cloud-native SIEM/SOAR by configuring multi-cloud data connectors (AWS, Azure, GCP), writing KQL detection and hunting queries, and building automated Logic Apps response playbooks. Use when establishing a centralized SOC for multi-cloud environments, migrating from a legacy SIEM, or performing petabyte-scale threat hunting; not for AWS-only setups where Security Hub/GuardDuty suffice or for endpoint EDR needs.
Build structured communication templates for malware incidents (ransomware, wiper, trojan, worm), covering internal stakeholder notifications, executive briefings, technical advisories for IT teams, customer notifications, and regulatory disclosures, with severity-based escalation procedures. Use when drafting or standardizing incident communications and notification workflows for a malware outbreak.
Build an automated IOC enrichment pipeline on OpenCTI (STIX 2.1 native threat intel platform) using its internal enrichment connectors to pull context from VirusTotal, Shodan, AbuseIPDB, and GreyNoise, correlate indicators with known actors/campaigns, and score them for analyst prioritization. Use when deploying OpenCTI or automating enrichment and confidence scoring of newly ingested indicators.
Run OAuth 2.0 device-code and illicit-consent phishing attacks against Microsoft Entra ID, using TokenTactics-style tooling to steal access and refresh tokens, bypass MFA, and pivot across Microsoft 365 services. Use for authorized red-team engagements simulating device-code or consent-grant phishing against a tenant you have explicit written permission to test.
Enumerate Microsoft Entra ID (Azure AD) tenants with ROADrecon and acquire, exchange, and abuse tokens (including primary refresh tokens) with roadtx. Use for authorized red-team enumeration of a tenant's directory objects or for token-based identity attacks against Entra ID you are explicitly authorized to test.
Design and deploy a Threat Intelligence Platform (TIP) by integrating open-source CTI tools (MISP, OpenCTI, TheHive, Cortex) into a unified system with feed ingestion pipelines, enrichment workflows, STIX/TAXII interoperability, and analyst dashboards. Use when architecting or standing up a centralized CTI platform to collect, analyze, and disseminate threat intelligence across a security team.
Designs and documents structured incident response playbooks with step-by-step procedures per incident type, decision trees, escalation criteria, RACI matrices, and SOAR platform integration, aligned to NIST SP 800-61r3 and SANS PICERL. Use when creating or maturing an IR program, documenting response runbooks for a new incident type, or designing SOAR playbooks.
Build an automated pipeline that ingests raw IOCs (URLs, IPs, domains, emails), normalizes and deduplicates them, then produces defanged renderings for safe human reading alongside canonical STIX 2.1 bundles distributed via TAXII servers, MISP, or email reports. Use when preparing indicators of compromise for safe analyst sharing or automating threat intel distribution to TAXII/MISP feeds.
Deploy and configure the Havoc C2 framework (teamserver, HTTPS/HTTP/SMB listeners, Nginx redirectors, and Demon agents) with malleable traffic profiles and OPSEC-hardened infrastructure for authorized red team operations. Use when standing up or hardening Havoc C2 infrastructure for a written, authorized adversary emulation engagement.
Build automated IOC enrichment pipelines in Splunk Enterprise Security by ingesting threat feeds into KV Store collections and correlating them against security events via lookup tables, modular inputs, and the Threat Intelligence Framework. Use when wiring threat intel into Splunk correlation searches to flag IOC matches and cut SOC triage time.
Respond to phishing incidents by analyzing reported emails, extracting indicators, sandboxing URLs/attachments, assessing credential compromise, quarantining malicious messages organization-wide, and remediating affected accounts. Use when investigating a reported phishing or credential-phishing email, a suspected spearphishing incident, or when a mailbox-wide purge and account remediation is needed.
Audit MCP servers for tool poisoning, tool shadowing, rug pulls, SSRF, and unauthenticated exposure using Invariant Labs' mcp-scan for static/runtime scanning plus manual SSRF/auth checks and description pinning. Use before adding a new MCP server to an agent stack, when reviewing an internal MCP server, detecting rug pulls, or investigating an agent's unexpected tool-driven behavior.
Build an automated adversary infrastructure tracking system in Python (dnspython, python-whois, shodan, networkx) that pivots across passive DNS, certificate transparency logs, WHOIS records, and IP enrichment to map threat-actor C2 networks and flag newly registered domains matching known patterns. Use when pivoting from known indicators to discover related C2 infrastructure or maintaining a continuously updated map of a threat actor's network.
Run kube-bench (Aqua Security) against a Kubernetes cluster's control-plane, kubelet, and node configuration to check compliance with the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark and remediate PASS/FAIL/WARN findings. Use when establishing a security baseline for a new cluster, performing periodic hardening audits, validating remediation after configuration changes, or gathering compliance evidence for SOC 2/PCI DSS.
Generate forensic super-timelines with Plaso's log2timeline.py, pinfo.py, psort.py, and psteal.py CLI tools (fusing file-system MACB, registry, EVTX, browser history, prefetch, LNK, and more), then triage and filter the results in Timesketch. Use when reconstructing the full sequence of events on a compromised or forensically imaged host during a DFIR investigation.
Build collaborative forensic incident timelines using Timesketch to ingest, normalize, and analyze multi-source event data (including Plaso output) for attack chain reconstruction and investigation documentation. Use when reconstructing the sequence of events during an incident investigation or when multiple analysts need to jointly tag, annotate, and search a shared DFIR timeline.
Deploy MISP, configure threat feeds (MISP community, freetext, TAXII, CSV), and use the PyMISP API to programmatically fetch, add, and search events and IOCs, building automated collection pipelines that aggregate indicators from community and commercial sources. Use when gathering, storing, or correlating IOCs and threat intelligence, or when scripting MISP ingestion via PyMISP.
Conduct internal Active Directory reconnaissance using BloodHound Community Edition's graph database with the SharpHound (AD) and AzureHound (Entra ID) collectors, mapping ACLs, sessions, and group memberships into attack paths from a low-privileged foothold to Domain Admin. Use after an initial AD foothold to identify privilege escalation chains, or to validate that AD hardening closed known attack paths.
Deploy MISP via Docker and configure feeds from sources like abuse.ch, AlienVault OTX, and CIRCL to aggregate, correlate, and distribute threat intelligence, including automated feed synchronization and STIX/TAXII-based integration with Splunk, Elasticsearch, and SOAR platforms. Use when standing up centralized IOC management or wiring multi-source threat feeds into a SIEM.
Perform DCSync attacks by abusing MS-DRSR replication rights (DS-Replication-Get-Changes/-All) to impersonate a Domain Controller and extract KRBTGT, Domain Admin, and service account hashes for Golden Ticket forging, typically with Mimikatz. Use in authorized engagements after finding principals with replication rights, to establish long-term domain persistence, or to validate detections for replication abuse.
Respond to security incidents in AWS, Azure, and GCP via identity-based containment, cloud-native log analysis (CloudTrail, Azure Activity Logs, GCP Audit Logs), resource isolation, and forensic evidence acquisition adapted for ephemeral cloud infrastructure. Use when CSPM alerts or audit logs show compromised cloud credentials, unauthorized IAM changes, or a breach spanning cloud services.
Apply bottom-up and top-down role mining techniques, including clustering algorithms and formal concept analysis, to discover optimal RBAC roles from existing user-permission assignments, consolidating overlapping roles and enforcing least privilege. Use when an identity program needs to reduce role explosion or redesign its RBAC role set from access data.
Implement a phishing report button (Microsoft 365 built-in Report button or third-party like KnowBe4/Cofense) in email clients with a SOAR-driven automated triage workflow that classifies reported emails, extracts IOCs, takes remediation actions, and gives feedback to reporters. Use when deploying user-reported phishing intake or automating triage of the resulting reporting mailbox.
Respond to malware infections across enterprise endpoints by identifying the malware family, determining infection vectors, assessing spread, and executing containment, analysis, eradication, and recovery procedures aligned to MITRE ATT&CK. Use when responding to a confirmed or suspected malware infection, including trojan/worm/ransomware outbreaks, malware triage, or infected endpoint remediation.
Configures Hardware Security Modules for cryptographic key storage using the PKCS#11 standard interface, covering key generation, signing, encryption, and key management on physical HSMs and SoftHSM2 for development. Use when protecting cryptographic keys so they never leave a hardened device boundary, or when building and testing PKCS#11-based key management workflows.
Perform Pass-the-Ticket (PtT) lateral movement by extracting Kerberos TGT/TGS tickets from LSASS memory on a compromised host and injecting them into another session to impersonate the ticket owner without knowing their password. Use during authorized post-exploitation to move laterally or escalate access via stolen Kerberos tickets, or to validate detections for Kerberos ticket theft and reuse.
Implement a vulnerability aging dashboard and SLA tracking system that measures time-to-remediation against severity-based deadlines (e.g. 14 days critical, 30 days high, 60 days medium, 90 days low), with automated escalations and compliance metrics reporting. Use when designing SLA policies, building aging/remediation dashboards, or proving compliance with remediation timelines.
Run a targeted spearphishing simulation for initial access by developing OSINT-derived pretexts, building payloads (HTML smuggling, macro docs, ISO/LNK, OneNote, QR codes), standing up look-alike-domain email infrastructure with SPF/DKIM/DMARC via GoPhish, and tracking results. Use in authorized engagements to gain initial access via personalized phishing against specific individuals, distinct from broad campaigns.
Configures Google Cloud Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) via gcloud to enforce per-request identity verification on Compute Engine, App Engine, Cloud Run, and GKE, including IAM bindings, Access Context Manager access levels, session/reauth settings, and service-account programmatic access. Use when replacing VPN access with identity-based access to GCP backends or configuring context-aware, zero-trust policies for Google Cloud services.
Hardens LDAP directory services against credential harvesting, LDAP injection, anonymous binding, and channel-binding bypass by enforcing LDAPS, channel binding, and LDAP signing. Use when securing an LDAP or Active Directory environment against these attack classes or auditing directory service configurations for these vulnerabilities.
Plan and execute a comprehensive, MITRE ATT&CK-aligned red team engagement spanning threat modeling, reconnaissance, initial access, and post-exploitation to evaluate an organization's detection, prevention, and response against APT-style behavior. Use when scoping or running a full-scope, objective-based engagement, or purple-teaming against a specific threat actor's TTPs.
Conduct external recon using OSINT techniques to map an organization's external attack surface without touching target systems, gathering DNS records, certificate transparency logs, search results, social media, code repositories, and breach databases into a target profile. Use for the passive info-gathering phase of a pentest, external footprinting, or collecting employee/email intel for a social engineering campaign.
Build a two-tier PKI Certificate Authority hierarchy (offline Root CA plus issuing Intermediate CA) using OpenSSL and the Python cryptography library, covering certificate extensions, CRL distribution points, OCSP responder configuration, and certificate policy management. Use when standing up an internal CA, issuing or revoking X.509 certificates, or designing PKI trust hierarchies for TLS, code-signing, or client-authentication use cases.
Installs, configures, and tunes Snort 3 to monitor network traffic for malicious activity using custom and community rulesets, preprocessors, and alert output plugins. Use when deploying network-based intrusion detection at key boundaries, writing custom Snort rules, tuning rulesets to reduce false positives, or integrating Snort alerts with a SIEM.
Designs and implements VLAN-based (802.1Q) network segmentation on managed switches to isolate zones such as corporate, servers, DMZ, guest, and IoT, and to limit lateral movement paths. Use when segmenting an enterprise network into isolated security zones, meeting compliance mandates (PCI-DSS, HIPAA, SOC 2) for network isolation, or reducing blast radius from a security incident.
Plants Canarytokens-based decoy artifacts (honey credentials, DNS tokens, web-bug URLs, AWS keys, documents, kubeconfigs) using Thinkst's open-source Canarytokens project and alerts via email or webhook when a token is touched. Use for high-fidelity intrusion detection in low-telemetry areas like file shares or credential stores, or to catch credential dumping and data-theft staging.
Implement Microsoft's Enhanced Security Admin Environment (ESAE) tiered administration model for Active Directory, covering Tier 0/1/2 separation, privileged access workstations (PAWs), administrative forest design, and authentication policy silos. Use when designing or hardening AD privileged-access architecture, segmenting Domain/Enterprise Admin accounts into tiers, or containing lateral movement and credential theft (pass-the-hash, Kerberoasting, golden tickets).
Configures Zscaler Private Access (ZPA) to replace traditional VPN with zero trust network access by deploying App Connectors, defining application segments, configuring identity- and device-posture-based access policies, and integrating with IdPs. Use when replacing VPN concentrators with ZTNA or providing remote users secure access to internal applications without network-level connectivity.
Deploys Cloudflare Access with Cloudflare Tunnel for zero trust access to self-hosted apps, configuring identity-aware policies, device posture checks, and WARP client enrollment as a VPN replacement. Use when replacing VPN with Cloudflare One, exposing internal apps without open inbound ports, or securing contractor/third-party access to specific applications.
Systematically deobfuscates multi-layer PowerShell malware using AST analysis, dynamic tracing, and tools like PSDecode and PowerDecode to reveal hidden payloads and C2 infrastructure. Use during incident response or malware analysis when a PowerShell script is obfuscated with encoding, string manipulation, or invocation tricks and you need to recover the underlying commands, dropped payloads, or C2 endpoints.
Deploys and configures Tailscale (or self-hosted Headscale) as a WireGuard-based zero trust mesh VPN, setting up identity-aware ACLs, exit nodes, subnet routers, and MagicDNS for encrypted peer-to-peer connectivity. Use when replacing traditional VPN servers with an identity-authenticated mesh network or enforcing granular per-device access control lists.
Scan source code repositories, CI/CD pipelines, and configuration files for exposed AWS credentials using TruffleHog, git-secrets, and AWS-native detection. Use when integrating secrets scanning into CI/CD, auditing repositories (including git history) for historically committed AWS keys, responding to a GuardDuty alert about credential use from an unexpected location, or verifying credential rotation removed all exposed keys.
Detects prompt injection using regex signature matching, heuristic scoring for structural anomalies, and DeBERTa-based transformer classification, flagging direct injections (system-prompt overrides, role-play escapes) and indirect injections (encoded payloads, obfuscation) per OWASP LLM Top 10 (LLM01:2025). Use for input validation layers in chatbots/agents/RAG pipelines, or for retrospectively classifying injection attempts in logs or incident investigations.
Configures secure OAuth 2.0 authorization flows, including Authorization Code with PKCE, Client Credentials, and Device Authorization Grant, covering flow selection, PKCE implementation, token lifecycle management, and scope design per OAuth 2.1. Use when implementing or hardening OAuth 2.0 authentication/authorization for web, mobile, SPA, or machine-to-machine clients.
Deploys Palo Alto Networks Prisma Access for SASE-based zero trust network access, configuring GlobalProtect agents, ZTNA Connectors, security policy enforcement, and Strata Cloud Manager integration for unified management. Use when implementing enterprise-grade SASE with integrated ZTNA/SWG/CASB/FWaaS, replacing both VPN and branch firewalls with cloud-delivered security, or integrating ZTNA with an existing Palo Alto NGFW estate.
Configures TLS 1.3 (RFC 8446) on servers, covering cipher suite and key-exchange group selection, and validates the resulting configuration with openssl s_client and testssl.sh. Use when deploying or hardening TLS 1.3 for secure communications, or when testing a server for common TLS misconfigurations and vulnerabilities.
Deobfuscates malicious JavaScript found in phishing pages, web skimmers, and dropper scripts by reversing encoding layers, eval chains, string manipulation, and control-flow obfuscation to reveal the original malicious logic. Use when investigating a phishing page's obfuscated JavaScript, analyzing a Magecart-style web skimmer, or deobfuscating a JavaScript dropper that fetches second-stage malware.
Deploys Llama Guard 3 safety classification, NeMo Guardrails programmable dialogue rails, and LLM Guard input/output scanner pipelines as complementary runtime defenses that inspect and constrain LLM prompts and responses. Use when adding a production runtime safety layer to an LLM, RAG, or agent application to block jailbreaks, prompt injection (OWASP LLM01), toxic content, or sensitive-data leakage before it reaches or leaves the model.
Detect compromised cloud credentials across AWS, Azure, and GCP by analyzing anomalous API activity, impossible-travel patterns, and credential-stuffing indicators using GuardDuty, Microsoft Defender for Identity, and Google SCC Event Threat Detection. Use when investigating alerts about cloud API activity from unfamiliar locations, responding to an exposed-credential notification, or scoping a credential compromise.
Detect cyber attacks on OT historian servers (OSIsoft PI, Ignition, GE Proficy, Wonderware InSQL) using a Python detector that flags unauthorized queries, data manipulation, and lateral-movement indicators as historians pivot between IT and OT networks. Use when monitoring historians bridging IT/OT zones for compromise, investigating historian-specific CVE exploitation, or validating historian data integrity after a suspected OT incident.
Detect API enumeration attacks (BOLA/IDOR, OWASP API1:2023) by writing SIEM detection rules that flag sequential or UUID identifier iteration, parameter tampering, and mixed 200/401/403 response patterns from API gateway and WAF logs. Use when investigating suspected object-level authorization abuse, building threat-hunting queries for API access-control bypass, or hardening API logging/rate-limiting against enumeration.
Wires Promptfoo and DeepTeam into CI/CD for automated, repeatable red-teaming of LLM apps against OWASP LLM Top 10, OWASP Agentic, and MITRE ATLAS presets, failing the build when jailbreak or injection vulnerabilities regress. Use for continuous adversarial testing in CI/CD, a merge-blocking security gate, or comparing model/prompt versions for compliance reporting.
Audit Azure Blob and ADLS storage accounts for public access exposure, weak or long-lived SAS tokens, missing encryption at rest, disabled HTTPS-only traffic, and outdated TLS versions, using the azure-mgmt-storage Python SDK to generate a risk-scored report. Use when assessing an Azure subscription's storage accounts for misconfiguration, building cloud security posture checks, or investigating a suspected data exposure via public blob access.
Detect unauthorized runtime drift in containers by monitoring binary execution, file system changes, and configuration deviations from the original immutable image, using tools like Falco and Microsoft Defender for Kubernetes/container workloads. Use when investigating possible container compromise, validating immutable-infrastructure controls, or hunting for unexpected package installs and file modifications inside running containers.
Detect container escape attempts where an adversary breaks out of container isolation to reach the host or other containers, by monitoring namespace manipulation, capability abuse, kernel exploits, sensitive mounted paths, and anomalous syscalls with tools like Falco, Sysdig, and seccomp/audit rules. Use when hunting for privilege escalation from containerized workloads or investigating suspected breakout from a Docker/Kubernetes environment.
Detect Business Email Compromise (BEC) fraud, where attackers impersonate executives or vendors to trick employees into wire transfers or data disclosure without malicious links, using email gateway rules, behavioral analytics, and financial process controls. Use when investigating a suspected executive/vendor impersonation email or building detection rules for social-engineering fund-transfer fraud.
Detect command-and-control (C2) traffic tunneled over DNS from tools like Iodine, dnscat2, dns2tcp, and Cobalt Strike DNS beacon, using Shannon entropy analysis of query subdomains, ML-based DGA classification, passive DNS correlation, and Zeek/Suricata signatures. Use when investigating suspected DNS tunneling, classifying DGA domains, detecting DNS beaconing, or building DNS anomaly rules for a SOC/SIEM.
Detect and prevent dependency confusion (public-over-private package name resolution) in npm, PyPI, and Maven by enumerating claimable internal package names with tools like `confused` and OWASP `dep-scan`, then enforcing source restrictions via `.npmrc`, `pip.conf`/`pyproject.toml`, and Maven `settings.xml`. Use when onboarding a repo to a supply-chain security program, auditing lockfiles/manifests for confusable dependencies, or after an incident that may have leaked internal package names.
Detect AI-generated deepfake audio used in voice phishing (vishing) by extracting spectral features (MFCC, spectral centroid, spectral contrast, zero-crossing rate) and classifying samples with machine learning models, supporting batch audio analysis, confidence scoring, and forensic reporting. Use for deepfake voice detection, vishing investigations, AI-generated speech analysis, voice cloning detection, or audio authenticity verification.
Hunt AADGraphActivityLogs and MicrosoftGraphActivityLogs in Microsoft Sentinel/Log Analytics using KQL to fingerprint offensive Entra ID enumeration tools such as ROADtools, AADInternals, and AzureHound, including User-Agent signatures, roadrecon endpoint sweeps, and sign-in correlation. Use when investigating suspicious Microsoft Graph API activity, Entra ID reconnaissance, or building Sentinel analytics rules to detect these tools.
Build automated AWS GuardDuty finding response pipelines using EventBridge and Lambda to trigger real-time incident response, automatically quarantine compromised resources, and route security notifications. Use when designing automated remediation playbooks for GuardDuty findings across VPC Flow Logs, CloudTrail, DNS, EKS, or S3 data events, or when reducing mean time to respond to cloud threats.
Detect LSASS credential dumping, SAM database extraction, and NTDS.dit theft (e.g. via Mimikatz) using Sysmon Event ID 10 process-access logging, Windows Security logs, and SIEM correlation rules. Use when hunting for credential-theft activity on Windows/Active Directory hosts or triaging EDR alerts on LSASS access.
Detect DLL side-loading and search-order hijacking (MITRE T1574) where adversaries plant malicious DLLs for legitimate signed applications to load, by analyzing Sysmon Event ID 7 DLL-load events, checking signatures/hashes against known-good versions, and flagging path anomalies with EDR tools like CrowdStrike, MDE, or SentinelOne. Use when investigating EDR alerts on unsigned DLLs, hunting for APT persistence via trojanized applications, or triaging incidents involving DLL hijacking.
Deploys a Software-Defined Perimeter per the CSA v2.0 specification, configuring Single Packet Authorization, mutual TLS, and SDP controller/gateway components to enforce zero trust network access. Use when building or hardening zero trust network architecture, implementing SPA-based "invisible" infrastructure that cloaks services from unauthenticated scanning, or meeting compliance requirements for zero trust network access.
Identify poisoned training data and backdoored ML models across the pipeline using IBM's Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (activation clustering, spectral signatures, trigger reconstruction), Cleanlab for label-quality issues, and supply-chain checks like weight-hash verification and safetensors enforcement. Use before training or deploying on third-party/user-contributed data or downloaded checkpoints, during ML supply-chain reviews, or when investigating model misbehavior tied to specific inputs (suspected backdoor trigger).
Detect DNS-based data exfiltration by analyzing Zeek dns.log for high-entropy subdomains, oversized TXT/NULL records, and anomalous query volume or patterns. Use when investigating suspected DNS tunneling, covert C2 over DNS, or data exfiltration hidden in DNS queries against network traffic captured by Zeek.
Detect Golden Ticket attacks in Active Directory using Splunk and KQL queries against domain controller event logs, looking for Kerberos TGT anomalies such as mismatched encryption types, impossible ticket lifetimes, non-existent accounts, and forged PAC signatures. Use when hunting for Kerberos ticket forgery or krbtgt-based persistence (MITRE T1558.001) in AD environments.
Detect Kerberos Golden Ticket forgery (e.g. Mimikatz-forged tickets) by analyzing Windows Event ID 4769 for RC4 encryption downgrades (0x17), abnormal ticket lifetimes, and krbtgt account anomalies using Splunk and Elastic SIEM queries. Use when investigating suspected forged Kerberos tickets or krbtgt credential theft in Active Directory.
Deploy and operationalize Amazon GuardDuty, covering protection plans for S3, EKS, EC2 runtime monitoring, and Lambda, interpreting finding severity, and building automated response with EventBridge and Lambda. Use when establishing threat detection for AWS accounts, investigating findings on compromised instances or credential abuse, or building automated incident-response playbooks.
Detect and defend against indirect prompt injection hidden in web pages, documents, and images consumed by an agent, via content extraction (HTML/PDF/OCR), normalization, and scanning with LLM Guard's PromptInjection scanner or Hugging Face Prompt Guard 2. Use when an agent ingests untrusted external content and you need to screen it for injected instructions before the LLM processes it.
Detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling (tools like iodine, dnscat2, dns2tcp) by analyzing query entropy, subdomain length, query volume to single domains, TXT/CNAME/NULL record abuse, and oversized response payloads using passive DNS monitoring and statistical/ML methods. Use when hunting for covert DNS-based data exfiltration or building a passive DNS anomaly detection capability.
Detect Living Off the Land Binaries (LOLBins/LOLBAS) abuse including certutil, regsvr32, mshta, and rundll32 via process telemetry, Sigma rules, and parent-child process analysis with Sysmon endpoint data. Use when hunting for adversaries abusing built-in Windows binaries to download, execute, or proxy malicious code while evading traditional executable-based detection.
Detect compromised O365 and Google Workspace email accounts by analyzing Unified Audit Logs and Azure AD sign-in logs for impossible travel, inbox rule creation/deletion (Set-InboxRule, New-InboxRule), external mail forwarding rules, and unusual Microsoft Graph API access or OAuth token use. Use when investigating suspected business email compromise (BEC), account takeover, or mailbox persistence via malicious inbox rules.
Detect malicious inbox/mail-flow forwarding rules that adversaries create to maintain persistent access to email communications for intelligence collection and business email compromise. Use when hunting for suspicious auto-forwarding, hidden mailbox rules, or T1114-style email collection persistence after a compromised account or BEC incident.
Detect anomalies in DNP3 communications used in SCADA/ICS systems by monitoring unauthorized control commands, firmware update attempts, protocol violations, and deviations from baseline traffic using deep packet inspection and machine learning approaches. Use when securing energy-sector or other OT/ICS networks, investigating suspicious DNP3 master/outstation activity, or building an anomaly-based IDS for industrial control traffic.
Audit Azure Storage accounts for public blob containers, missing encryption, overly permissive SAS tokens, disabled logging, and network access violations using Azure CLI, PowerShell, and Microsoft Defender for Storage. Use for storage security audits across subscriptions, responding to Defender for Storage anonymous-access alerts, verifying compliance controls, or setting security baselines when onboarding a subscription.
Detect adversary lateral movement across networks using Splunk SPL queries against Windows authentication logs, SMB traffic, and remote service (WMI/PsExec/RDP) abuse. Use when hunting for MITRE ATT&CK TA0008 lateral movement activity or investigating suspected pivoting between hosts during an incident, with Splunk as the SIEM.
Implement User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) using Elasticsearch/OpenSearch to build behavioral baselines, calculate anomaly scores, perform peer group analysis, and alert on insider threat indicators such as data exfiltration, privilege abuse, and unauthorized access. Use when building or tuning a UEBA pipeline rather than a one-off manual hunt.
Detect Kerberoasting attacks by monitoring for anomalous Kerberos TGS requests (Event ID 4769) targeting service accounts with SPNs, which attackers request offline to crack service account passwords. Use when hunting for MITRE T1558 credential access activity or investigating suspected service account password cracking attempts in Active Directory Kerberos logs.
Establish a repeatable operational process for triaging, testing, and deploying Microsoft Patch Tuesday security updates (Windows, Office, Exchange, SQL Server, Azure) via WSUS/SCCM within risk-based remediation SLAs, from advisory review through validation. Use when building or improving a monthly patch management workflow or prioritizing which CVEs to remediate first.
Use Sysinternals Autoruns to systematically enumerate and analyze malware persistence mechanisms across Windows registry run keys, scheduled tasks, services, drivers, and startup locations. Use when hunting for persistence during Windows incident response, triaging a compromised endpoint, or validating that malware autostart entries have been fully identified and removed.
Deploys and monitors ransomware canary files using Python's watchdog library, placing decoy files mimicking high-value targets (financial records, credentials, database exports) where ransomware enumerates first, and alerting via email, Slack, or syslog on any read/modify/rename/delete. Use for early-warning ransomware detection on file servers, NAS, or endpoints, or to supplement EDR where agents can't be deployed.
Detect insider threat behavioral indicators including unusual data access, off-hours activity, mass file downloads, privilege abuse, and resignation-correlated data theft. Use when proactively threat-hunting for malicious or negligent insider activity, or when investigating a departing or disgruntled employee for potential data theft.
Examine NTFS slack space, MFT entries, the USN Change Journal, and Alternate Data Streams (ADS) to recover hidden or residual data, reconstruct deleted-file metadata, and reconstruct available file-system change activity from USN records. Use during deep forensic analysis of an NTFS image when standard file recovery is insufficient, such as hunting for data hidden in ADS.
Perform static analysis of Android APK malware using apktool for resource decompilation, jadx for Java source recovery, and androguard for manifest inspection, dangerous permission-combination detection, and identification of obfuscated code, dynamic code loading, and reflection-based API calls. Use to statically triage a suspicious APK without executing it or to build mobile malware detection rules.
Analyzes malware C2 communication over HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, and custom protocols to reverse-engineer beacon patterns, command structures, data encoding, and infrastructure (primary servers, fallback domains, dead drops). Use after reverse engineering reveals network traffic needing protocol analysis or when building detection signatures for a framework like Cobalt Strike, Metasploit, or Sliver.
Traces ransomware cryptocurrency payment flows using blockchain analysis tools such as Chainalysis Reactor, WalletExplorer, and blockchain.com APIs, identifying wallet clusters and tracking fund movement through mixers and exchanges to support law enforcement attribution. Use when tracing ransomware bitcoin payments, performing cryptocurrency wallet forensics, or gathering blockchain threat intelligence on extortion payments.
Use Scapy to craft, send, sniff, and dissect TCP/UDP/ICMP/DNS packets, analyze pcap files, implement SYN scans, and detect anomalous traffic such as fragmented or malformed packets. Use when performing authorized network reconnaissance, protocol-level forensic analysis, or building traffic anomaly detection during security testing.
Detect Layer 2 ARP poisoning/spoofing by deploying ARPWatch, Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI), Wireshark packet analysis, and custom Python monitoring scripts that flag gratuitous ARP floods, IP-to-MAC mapping changes, and duplicate IP addresses. Use when investigating suspected man-in-the-middle interception or session hijacking on a local network segment, or when building layer-2 anomaly detection for a SOC.
Generate domain permutations with dnstwist and check DNS resolution to detect typosquatting, homograph phishing, and brand impersonation domains registered against your organization. Use when asked to monitor for lookalike domains, investigate a phishing domain, or assess brand-impersonation risk.
Trigger machine account authentication with PetitPotam (MS-EFSR) and Coercer (MS-RPRN, MS-DFSNM, MS-FSRVP, MS-EVEN) via Coercer's scan/coerce/fuzz modes, feeding the coerced NTLM auth into a relay against AD CS Web Enrollment (ESC8), LDAP (RBCD), or SMB. Use in authorized engagements to complete a coercion-relay chain against a Domain Controller, or to validate coercion detections and signing/EPA mitigations.
Builds a structured ransomware incident response playbook aligned with the CISA StopRansomware Guide and NIST Cybersecurity Framework, covering preparation, detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and post-incident phases with actionable checklists. Use when creating or updating a ransomware playbook, running a CISA-aligned readiness assessment, or validating response steps during a tabletop exercise.
Parse and analyze email headers (Received chain, Return-Path, Message-ID) to trace the true origin of a phishing email and validate SPF, DKIM, and DMARC results to confirm or rule out sender spoofing. Use when triaging a suspicious or reported email, investigating a phishing incident, or verifying whether a message's sender domain was spoofed.
Configures pfSense firewall rules, NAT policies, IPsec/OpenVPN tunnels, and traffic shaping to enforce network segmentation and control traffic between zones such as DMZ, internal, guest, and IoT. Use when deploying a pfSense perimeter or internal firewall, setting up port-forwarding NAT, configuring site-to-site or remote-access VPNs, or applying QoS/bandwidth policies.
Build a structured SOC escalation matrix defining severity tiers, response SLAs, tiered escalation paths, and notification procedures for security incidents, using context-driven criteria that combine business risk, asset criticality, and data sensitivity. Use when designing or revising how a SOC triages and escalates incidents across analyst tiers.
Triage npm packages and lockfiles for install-script malware, credential exfiltration, and worming behavior using GuardDog, manual tarball inspection, and dynamic detonation with network/filesystem monitoring. Use when vetting a new dependency, reviewing a package.json/package-lock.json during code review, checking lockfiles against a supply-chain advisory's known-bad versions, or investigating a host suspected of installing a trojanized package.
Detect lateral movement in network traffic using Zeek (formerly Bro) log analysis. Parses conn.log, smb_mapping.log, smb_files.log, dce_rpc.log, kerberos.log, and ntlm.log to identify SMB file transfers, NTLM account spray activity, remote service execution, and anomalous internal connections.
Detect malicious scheduled task creation and modification using Sysmon Event IDs 1 (Process Create for schtasks.exe), 11 (File Create for task XML), and Windows Security Event 4698/4702. The analyst correlates task creation with suspicious parent processes, public directory paths, and encoded command arguments to identify persistence and lateral movement via scheduled tasks. Activates for requests involving scheduled task detection, Sysmon persistence hunting, or T1053.005 Scheduled Task/Job analysis.
Build threat actor profiles by collecting OSINT from vendor reports, paste sites, dark web forums, social media, and code repos, correlating indicators, mapping adversary infrastructure with tools like Maltego and SpiderFoot, and producing structured dossiers of motivations, capabilities, infrastructure, and TTPs. Use when performing attribution or building an adversary dossier from open-source intelligence.
Deploy and harden a Sliver C2 team server (BishopFox's Go-based adversary emulation framework) with multi-protocol listeners (mTLS, HTTP/S, DNS, WireGuard), redirectors, domain fronting, and multi-operator support for authorized red-team operations. Use when standing up resilient C2 for a red-team engagement or generating beacon/session implants that must survive blue-team detection.
Build a systematic threat-hunt workflow that turns threat intelligence and ATT&CK gap analysis into testable hypotheses, then executes and validates them via EDR/SIEM queries (CrowdStrike, Defender, Splunk, Elastic, Sysmon, Velociraptor, Sigma) and documents findings in a standardized hunt report. Use when planning or running a proactive threat hunt or scoping compromise from an intel- or anomaly-driven lead.
Parse cyber threat intelligence reports (Mandiant, CrowdStrike, Talos, Microsoft) with stix2, mitreattack-python, and spaCy to extract adversary behaviors, map them to MITRE ATT&CK technique IDs, and build a searchable STIX 2.1 attack-pattern library with detection templates. Use when cataloging attack patterns from CTI reports for threat-informed detection engineering, or generating Sigma/YARA templates from documented behaviors.
Deploys deception-based honeytokens in Active Directory including fake privileged accounts with AdminCount=1, fake SPNs for Kerberoasting detection (honeyroasting), decoy GPOs with cpassword traps, and fake BloodHound paths. Monitors Windows Security Event IDs 4769, 4625, 4662, 5136 for honeytoken interaction. Use when implementing AD deception defenses for detecting lateral movement, credential theft, and reconnaissance.
Plan, run, and measure an adversary engagement operation using the MITRE Engage framework so that deployed deception is driven by strategy instead of deployed ad hoc. Covers the Engage Matrix (Prepare, Expose, Affect, Elicit, Understand), the 10-Step Operational Process, mapping engagement Activities to the ATT&CK techniques they expose, and defining measurable Goals and Operational Objectives. Use when a team has honeypots, honeytokens, or canary tokens but no coordinating strategy, when leadership asks "should we engage attackers and how", when building a deception/denial program, when writing an adversary engagement operation plan, or when deciding which deception Activities to deploy against a specific threat actor. Keywords: MITRE Engage, adversary engagement, cyber deception strategy, denial and deception, Engage Matrix, EAC, EGO, Expose Affect Elicit, deception program, honeypot strategy, engagement operation.
Deploys and configures osquery for real-time endpoint monitoring using SQL-based queries to inspect running processes, open ports, installed software, and system configuration. Use when building visibility into endpoint state, threat hunting across fleet, or implementing compliance monitoring. Activates for requests involving osquery deployment, endpoint visibility, fleet management, or SQL-based endpoint querying.
Configures Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (MDE) advanced protection settings including attack surface reduction rules, controlled folder access, network protection, and exploit protection. Use when hardening Windows endpoints beyond default Defender settings, deploying enterprise-grade endpoint protection, or meeting compliance requirements for advanced malware defense. Activates for requests involving Windows Defender configuration, ASR rules, MDE tuning, or Microsoft endpoint security.
Configures Windows Event Logging with advanced audit policies to generate high-fidelity security events for threat detection and forensic investigation. Use when enabling audit policies for logon events, process creation, privilege use, and object access to feed SIEM detection rules. Activates for requests involving Windows audit policy, event log configuration, security logging, or detection-oriented logging.
Deploys and configures CrowdStrike Falcon EDR agents across enterprise endpoints to enable real-time threat detection, behavioral analysis, and automated response. Use when onboarding endpoints to EDR coverage, configuring detection policies, or integrating Falcon telemetry with SIEM platforms. Activates for requests involving CrowdStrike deployment, Falcon sensor installation, EDR policy configuration, or endpoint detection and response.
Detects anomalous authentication patterns using UEBA analytics, statistical baselines, and machine learning models to identify impossible travel, credential stuffing, brute force, password spraying, and compromised account behaviors across authentication logs. Activates for requests involving authentication anomaly detection, login behavior analysis, UEBA implementation, or suspicious sign-in investigation.
Deploys canary files (honeytokens) across file systems to detect ransomware encryption activity in real time. Uses strategically placed decoy documents monitored via file integrity monitoring or OS-level watchdogs to trigger alerts when ransomware modifies or encrypts them. Activates for requests involving ransomware canary deployment, honeyfile setup, deception-based ransomware detection, or file integrity monitoring for encryption.
Deploy cloud-native deception across AWS, Azure, and GCP using decoy (honey) resources whose only purpose is to generate a high-fidelity alert the instant an attacker touches them: canary IAM access keys, permission-less decoy users/roles/service principals, honey object-storage buckets, and decoy secrets in Secrets Manager / Key Vault / Secret Manager. Wires detection through CloudTrail + EventBridge, Azure Sentinel honeytoken watchlists + Defender, and GCP Cloud Audit Logs, so any use of a decoy is routed to the SOC with near-zero false positives. Use when protecting cloud accounts and data stores, when an org has only on-prem honeypots and needs cloud coverage, when seeding fake AWS keys to catch credential theft and code-leak exposure, or when detecting cloud reconnaissance and lateral movement. Keywords: cloud deception, canary token AWS, honey S3 bucket, decoy IAM credentials, CloudTrail alert, GuardDuty, Sentinel honeytoken, decoy secret, honey service account, cloud honeypot, breach detection.
This skill covers detecting cyber attacks targeting Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems including man-in-the-middle attacks on industrial protocols, unauthorized command injection into PLCs, HMI compromise, historian data manipulation, and denial-of-service against control system communications. It leverages OT-specific intrusion detection systems, industrial protocol anomaly detection, and process data analytics to identify attacks that traditional IT security tools miss.
Detect unusual API call patterns in AWS CloudTrail logs using boto3, statistical baselining, and behavioral analysis to identify credential compromise, privilege escalation, and unauthorized resource access.
Executes containment strategies to stop active adversary operations and prevent lateral movement during a confirmed security breach. Implements short-term and long-term containment using network segmentation, endpoint isolation, credential revocation, and access control modifications. Activates for requests involving breach containment, lateral movement prevention, network isolation, active threat containment, or live incident response.
Correlates security events in IBM QRadar SIEM using AQL (Ariel Query Language), custom rules, building blocks, and offense management to detect multi-stage attacks across network, endpoint, and application log sources. Use when SOC analysts need to investigate QRadar offenses, build correlation rules, or tune detection logic for reducing false positives.
Correlates disparate security incidents, IOCs, and adversary behaviors across time and organizations to identify unified threat campaigns, attribute them to common threat actors, and extract shared indicators for improved detection. Use when multiple incidents exhibit overlapping indicators, when sector-wide attack campaigns require cross-organizational analysis, or when building campaign-level intelligence products. Activates for requests involving campaign analysis, incident clustering, cross-organizational IOC correlation, or MISP correlation engine.
Write and deploy Falco rules with the modern eBPF driver to detect container escape, namespace abuse, privileged mounts, and anomalous syscalls at runtime in Kubernetes and Docker.
Performs statistical analysis of Zeek conn.log connection intervals to detect C2 beaconing patterns. Uses the ZAT library to load Zeek logs into Pandas DataFrames, calculates inter-arrival time standard deviation, and flags periodic connections with low jitter. Use when hunting for command-and-control callbacks in network data.
This skill covers detecting cyber attacks targeting Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems including man-in-the-middle attacks on industrial protocols, unauthorized command injection into PLCs, HMI compromise, historian data manipulation, and denial-of-service against control system communications. It leverages OT-specific intrusion detection systems, industrial protocol anomaly detection, and process data analytics to identify attacks that traditional IT security tools miss.
Detect AWS IAM privilege escalation paths using boto3 and Cloudsplaining policy analysis to identify overly permissive policies, dangerous permission combinations, and least-privilege violations
This skill teaches security teams how to detect and respond to unauthorized cryptocurrency mining operations in cloud environments. It covers identifying cryptomining indicators through compute usage anomalies, network traffic patterns to mining pools, GuardDuty CryptoCurrency findings, and runtime process monitoring on EC2, ECS, EKS, and Azure Automation workloads.
Identifies lateral movement techniques in enterprise networks by analyzing authentication logs, network flows, SMB traffic, and RDP sessions using Zeek, Velociraptor, and SIEM correlation rules to detect attackers moving between systems.
Detect lateral movement in Azure AD/Entra ID environments using Microsoft Graph API audit logs, Azure Sentinel KQL hunting queries, and sign-in anomaly correlation to identify privilege escalation, token theft, and cross-tenant pivoting.
Detects defense evasion techniques used by adversaries in endpoint logs including log tampering, timestomping, process injection, and security tool disabling. Use when investigating suspicious endpoint behavior, building detection rules for evasion tactics, or conducting threat hunting for stealthy adversary activity. Activates for requests involving evasion detection, defense evasion analysis, log tampering detection, or MITRE ATT&CK TA0005.
Detects fileless malware and in-memory attacks that execute entirely in RAM without writing persistent files to disk, evading traditional antivirus. Use when building detections for PowerShell-based attacks, reflective DLL injection, WMI persistence, and registry-resident malware. Activates for requests involving fileless malware detection, in-memory attacks, PowerShell exploitation, or living-off-the-land techniques.
Detects and analyzes Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) security attacks including sniffing, replay attacks, GATT enumeration abuse, and Man-in-the-Middle interception. Uses Ubertooth One and nRF52840 sniffers for packet capture, the bleak Python library for GATT service enumeration, and crackle for BLE encryption cracking. Use when assessing IoT device BLE security, monitoring for BLE-based attacks on wireless infrastructure, or performing authorized BLE penetration testing. Activates for requests involving BLE security assessment, Ubertooth sniffing, GATT enumeration, or BLE replay detection.
Detect unusual API call patterns in AWS CloudTrail logs using boto3, statistical baselining, and behavioral analysis to identify credential compromise, privilege escalation, and unauthorized resource access.
Detects insider data exfiltration by analyzing DLP policy violations, file access patterns, upload volume anomalies, and off-hours activity in endpoint and cloud logs. Uses pandas for behavioral analytics and statistical baselines. Use when investigating insider threats or building user behavior analytics for data loss prevention.
Deploy AI and NLP-powered detection systems to identify business email compromise attacks by analyzing writing style, behavioral patterns, and contextual anomalies that evade traditional rule-based filters.
Configures host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) to monitor endpoint file integrity, system calls, and configuration changes for security violations. Use when deploying OSSEC, Wazuh, or AIDE for endpoint monitoring, building file integrity monitoring (FIM) policies, or meeting compliance requirements for change detection. Activates for requests involving HIDS configuration, file integrity monitoring, OSSEC/Wazuh deployment, or host-based detection.
Conducts comprehensive network penetration tests against authorized target environments by performing host discovery, port scanning, service enumeration, vulnerability identification, and controlled exploitation to assess the security posture of network infrastructure. The tester follows PTES methodology from reconnaissance through post-exploitation and reporting. Activates for requests involving network pentest, infrastructure security assessment, internal network testing, or external perimeter testing.
Plan and execute authorized vishing (voice phishing) pretext calls to assess employee susceptibility to social engineering and evaluate security awareness controls.
This skill outlines methodologies for performing authorized penetration testing against AWS, Azure, and GCP cloud environments. It covers understanding the shared responsibility model for testing scope, leveraging cloud-specific attack tools like Pacu and ScoutSuite, exploiting IAM misconfigurations, testing for SSRF to cloud metadata services, and reporting findings aligned to MITRE ATT&CK Cloud matrix.
Conduct a defensible cybersecurity risk assessment using the NIST SP 800-30 Rev 1 methodology: prepare scope and a risk model, identify threat sources and threat events, identify vulnerabilities and predisposing conditions, determine likelihood and impact, compute risk, and communicate results as a prioritized risk register. Use when an organization needs an actual risk *assessment* (not a maturity score), when a control framework (CSF, ISO 27001, RMF, SOC 2, PCI) requires a documented risk analysis as input, when leadership asks "what are our top risks and how bad are they", when assessing risk for a new system or major change, or when building a risk register from scratch. This is the methodology that feeds framework selection, ATO packages, and treatment decisions. Keywords: risk assessment, NIST 800-30, threat modeling, likelihood and impact, risk register, risk analysis, threat sources, vulnerabilities, risk determination, qualitative risk, risk matrix, residual risk, risk treatment.
Systematically collects, categorizes, and distributes indicators of compromise (IOCs) during and after security incidents to enable detection, blocking, and threat intelligence sharing. Covers network, host, email, and behavioral indicators using STIX/TAXII formats and threat intelligence platforms. Activates for requests involving IOC collection, indicator extraction, threat indicator sharing, compromise indicators, STIX export, or IOC enrichment.
Conducts security testing of REST, GraphQL, and gRPC APIs to identify vulnerabilities in authentication, authorization, rate limiting, input validation, and business logic. The tester uses the OWASP API Security Top 10 as the testing framework, combining Burp Suite interception with Postman collections and custom scripts to test endpoint security at every privilege level. Activates for requests involving API security testing, REST API pentest, GraphQL security assessment, or API vulnerability testing.
Facilitate structured post-incident reviews to identify root causes, document what worked and failed, and produce actionable recommendations to improve future incident response.
Use Intel CHIPSEC to assess platform firmware configuration, SPI flash write protection, BIOS lock, SMM/SMRR, and Secure Boot variable state, dump SPI flash, and triage UEFI variables for firmware-level threats.
Simulates man-in-the-middle attacks using Ettercap, mitmproxy, and Bettercap in authorized environments to intercept, analyze, and modify network traffic for testing encryption enforcement, certificate validation, and detection capabilities.
Conducts authorized wireless network penetration tests to assess the security of WiFi infrastructure by testing for weak encryption protocols, captive portal bypasses, evil twin attacks, WPA2/WPA3 handshake capture, rogue access point detection, and client-side attacks. The tester evaluates wireless authentication, network segmentation, and the effectiveness of wireless intrusion detection systems. Activates for requests involving wireless pentest, WiFi security assessment, WPA2/WPA3 testing, or rogue access point detection.
Collects and synthesizes open-source intelligence (OSINT) about threat actors, malicious infrastructure, and attack campaigns using publicly available data sources, passive reconnaissance tools, and dark web monitoring. Use when investigating external threat actor infrastructure, performing pre-engagement reconnaissance for authorized red team assessments, or enriching CTI reports with publicly available adversary context. Activates for requests involving Maltego, Shodan, OSINT framework, SpiderFoot, or infrastructure reconnaissance.
Conducts penetration testing of iOS and Android mobile applications following the OWASP Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG) to identify vulnerabilities in data storage, network communication, authentication, cryptography, and platform-specific security controls. The tester performs static analysis of application binaries, dynamic analysis at runtime, and API security testing to evaluate the complete mobile attack surface. Activates for requests involving mobile app pentest, iOS security assessment, Android security testing, or OWASP MASTG assessment.
Performs memory forensics analysis using Volatility 3 to extract evidence of malware execution, process injection, network connections, and credential theft from RAM dumps captured during incident response. Covers memory acquisition, process analysis, DLL inspection, and malware detection. Activates for requests involving memory forensics, RAM analysis, Volatility framework, memory dump investigation, volatile evidence analysis, or live memory acquisition.
Execute an internal network penetration test simulating an insider threat or post-breach attacker to identify lateral movement paths, privilege escalation vectors, and sensitive data exposure within the corporate network.
Correlates disparate security incidents, IOCs, and adversary behaviors across time and organizations to identify unified threat campaigns, attribute them to common threat actors, and extract shared indicators for improved detection. Use when multiple incidents exhibit overlapping indicators, when sector-wide attack campaigns require cross-organizational analysis, or when building campaign-level intelligence products. Activates for requests involving campaign analysis, incident clustering, cross-organizational IOC correlation, or MISP correlation engine.
Plan, run, and measure an adversary engagement operation using the MITRE Engage framework so that deployed deception is driven by strategy instead of deployed ad hoc. Covers the Engage Matrix (Prepare, Expose, Affect, Elicit, Understand), the 10-Step Operational Process, mapping engagement Activities to the ATT&CK techniques they expose, and defining measurable Goals and Operational Objectives. Use when a team has honeypots, honeytokens, or canary tokens but no coordinating strategy, when leadership asks "should we engage attackers and how", when building a deception/denial program, when writing an adversary engagement operation plan, or when deciding which deception Activities to deploy against a specific threat actor. Keywords: MITRE Engage, adversary engagement, cyber deception strategy, denial and deception, Engage Matrix, EAC, EGO, Expose Affect Elicit, deception program, honeypot strategy, engagement operation.
Deploys canary files (honeytokens) across file systems to detect ransomware encryption activity in real time. Uses strategically placed decoy documents monitored via file integrity monitoring or OS-level watchdogs to trigger alerts when ransomware modifies or encrypts them. Activates for requests involving ransomware canary deployment, honeyfile setup, deception-based ransomware detection, or file integrity monitoring for encryption.
Deploys and configures CrowdStrike Falcon EDR agents across enterprise endpoints to enable real-time threat detection, behavioral analysis, and automated response. Use when onboarding endpoints to EDR coverage, configuring detection policies, or integrating Falcon telemetry with SIEM platforms. Activates for requests involving CrowdStrike deployment, Falcon sensor installation, EDR policy configuration, or endpoint detection and response.
Deploy cloud-native deception across AWS, Azure, and GCP using decoy (honey) resources whose only purpose is to generate a high-fidelity alert the instant an attacker touches them: canary IAM access keys, permission-less decoy users/roles/service principals, honey object-storage buckets, and decoy secrets in Secrets Manager / Key Vault / Secret Manager. Wires detection through CloudTrail + EventBridge, Azure Sentinel honeytoken watchlists + Defender, and GCP Cloud Audit Logs, so any use of a decoy is routed to the SOC with near-zero false positives. Use when protecting cloud accounts and data stores, when an org has only on-prem honeypots and needs cloud coverage, when seeding fake AWS keys to catch credential theft and code-leak exposure, or when detecting cloud reconnaissance and lateral movement. Keywords: cloud deception, canary token AWS, honey S3 bucket, decoy IAM credentials, CloudTrail alert, GuardDuty, Sentinel honeytoken, decoy secret, honey service account, cloud honeypot, breach detection.
Use Intel CHIPSEC to assess platform firmware configuration, SPI flash write protection, BIOS lock, SMM/SMRR, and Secure Boot variable state, dump SPI flash, and triage UEFI variables for firmware-level threats.
Detects anomalous authentication patterns using UEBA analytics, statistical baselines, and machine learning models to identify impossible travel, credential stuffing, brute force, password spraying, and compromised account behaviors across authentication logs. Activates for requests involving authentication anomaly detection, login behavior analysis, UEBA implementation, or suspicious sign-in investigation.
Executes containment strategies to stop active adversary operations and prevent lateral movement during a confirmed security breach. Implements short-term and long-term containment using network segmentation, endpoint isolation, credential revocation, and access control modifications. Activates for requests involving breach containment, lateral movement prevention, network isolation, active threat containment, or live incident response.
Deploys and configures osquery for real-time endpoint monitoring using SQL-based queries to inspect running processes, open ports, installed software, and system configuration. Use when building visibility into endpoint state, threat hunting across fleet, or implementing compliance monitoring. Activates for requests involving osquery deployment, endpoint visibility, fleet management, or SQL-based endpoint querying.
Correlates security events in IBM QRadar SIEM using AQL (Ariel Query Language), custom rules, building blocks, and offense management to detect multi-stage attacks across network, endpoint, and application log sources. Use when SOC analysts need to investigate QRadar offenses, build correlation rules, or tune detection logic for reducing false positives.
Configures Windows Event Logging with advanced audit policies to generate high-fidelity security events for threat detection and forensic investigation. Use when enabling audit policies for logon events, process creation, privilege use, and object access to feed SIEM detection rules. Activates for requests involving Windows audit policy, event log configuration, security logging, or detection-oriented logging.
Find over-permissive RBAC roles and service-account token abuse paths in Kubernetes using kubectl auth can-i, rbac-police, kubectl-who-can, and rakkess during authorized cluster security reviews.
Deploys deception-based honeytokens in Active Directory including fake privileged accounts with AdminCount=1, fake SPNs for Kerberoasting detection (honeyroasting), decoy GPOs with cpassword traps, and fake BloodHound paths. Monitors Windows Security Event IDs 4769, 4625, 4662, 5136 for honeytoken interaction. Use when implementing AD deception defenses for detecting lateral movement, credential theft, and reconnaissance.
Configures Microsoft Defender for Endpoint (MDE) advanced protection settings including attack surface reduction rules, controlled folder access, network protection, and exploit protection. Use when hardening Windows endpoints beyond default Defender settings, deploying enterprise-grade endpoint protection, or meeting compliance requirements for advanced malware defense. Activates for requests involving Windows Defender configuration, ASR rules, MDE tuning, or Microsoft endpoint security.
Queries Certificate Transparency logs via crt.sh and pycrtsh to detect phishing domains, unauthorized certificate issuance, and shadow IT. Monitors newly issued certificates for typosquatting and brand impersonation using Levenshtein distance. Use for proactive phishing domain detection and certificate monitoring.
Analyzes network traffic generated by malware during sandbox execution or live incident response to identify C2 protocols, data exfiltration channels, payload downloads, and lateral movement patterns using Wireshark, Zeek, and Suricata. Activates for requests involving malware network analysis, C2 traffic decoding, malware PCAP analysis, or network-based malware detection.
Parse Office 365 Unified Audit Logs via Microsoft Graph API to detect email forwarding rule creation, inbox delegation, suspicious OAuth app grants, and other indicators of account compromise.
Analyzes malicious PDF files using PDFiD, pdf-parser, and peepdf to identify embedded JavaScript, shellcode, exploits, and suspicious objects without opening the document. Determines the attack vector and extracts embedded payloads for further analysis. Activates for requests involving PDF malware analysis, malicious document analysis, PDF exploit investigation, or suspicious attachment triage.
Systematically audit AWS S3 bucket permissions to identify publicly accessible buckets, overly permissive ACLs, misconfigured bucket policies, and missing encryption settings using AWS CLI, S3audit, and Prowler to enforce least-privilege data access controls.
Pre-deployment security audit of Solidity smart contracts in a Foundry project. Combines static analysis (Slither, Aderyn), symbolic execution (Mythril), and property-based testing (forge fuzz + invariant tests with handlers) to catch reentrancy, access-control, oracle/price manipulation, and arithmetic bugs BEFORE deploying to an EVM chain. Also enforces key hygiene (no plaintext private keys, encrypted cast keystore) and a secure deploy workflow. Use when writing, reviewing, testing, or deploying Solidity/Foundry contracts, building a dApp, or working with forge/cast/anvil, MetaMask, or Web3/DeFi code.
Monitors Certificate Transparency (CT) logs to detect unauthorized certificate issuance, discover subdomains via CT data, and alert on suspicious certificate activity for owned domains. Uses the crt.sh API and direct CT log querying based on RFC 6962 to build continuous monitoring pipelines that catch rogue certificates, track CA behavior, and map the external attack surface. Activates for requests involving certificate transparency monitoring, CT log auditing, subdomain discovery via certificates, or certificate issuance alerting.
Auditing Kubernetes cluster RBAC configurations to identify overly permissive roles, wildcard permissions, dangerous ClusterRoleBindings, service account abuse, and privilege escalation paths using kubectl, rbac-tool, KubiScan, and Kubeaudit.
Auditing Terraform infrastructure-as-code for security misconfigurations using Checkov, tfsec, Terrascan, and OPA/Rego policies to detect overly permissive IAM policies, public resource exposure, missing encryption, and insecure defaults before cloud deployment.
Builds SOC performance metrics and KPI tracking dashboards measuring Mean Time to Detect (MTTD), Mean Time to Respond (MTTR), alert quality ratios, analyst productivity, and detection coverage using SIEM data. Use when SOC leadership needs operational visibility, continuous improvement tracking, or executive-level reporting on security operations effectiveness.
Automates the enrichment of raw indicators of compromise with multi-source threat intelligence context using SOAR platforms, Python pipelines, or TIP playbooks to reduce analyst triage time and standardize enrichment outputs. Use when building automated enrichment workflows integrated with SIEM alerts, email submission pipelines, or bulk IOC processing from threat feeds. Activates for requests involving SOAR enrichment, Cortex XSOAR, Splunk SOAR, TheHive, Python enrichment pipelines, or automated IOC processing.
Builds an automated malware submission and analysis pipeline that collects suspicious files from endpoints and email gateways, submits them to sandbox environments and multi-engine scanners, and generates verdicts with IOCs for SIEM integration. Use when SOC teams need to scale malware analysis beyond manual sandbox submissions for high-volume alert triage.
Builds vendor-agnostic detection rules using the Sigma rule format for threat detection across SIEM platforms including Splunk, Elastic, and Microsoft Sentinel. Use when creating portable detection logic from threat intelligence, mapping rules to MITRE ATT&CK techniques, or converting community Sigma rules into platform-specific queries using sigmac or pySigma backends.
Build effective detection rules using Splunk Search Processing Language (SPL) correlation searches to identify security threats in SOC environments.
Builds real-time incident response dashboards in Splunk, Elastic, or Grafana to provide SOC analysts and leadership with situational awareness during active incidents, tracking affected systems, containment status, IOC spread, and response timeline. Use when IR teams need unified visibility during incident coordination and post-incident reporting.
Parse Windows PowerShell Script Block Logs (Event ID 4104) from EVTX files to detect obfuscated commands, encoded payloads, and living-off-the-land techniques. Uses python-evtx to extract and reconstruct multi-block scripts, applies entropy analysis and pattern matching for Base64-encoded commands, Invoke-Expression abuse, download cradles, and AMSI bypass attempts.
Auditing Google Cloud Platform IAM permissions to identify overly permissive bindings, primitive role usage, service account key proliferation, and cross-project access risks using gcloud CLI, Policy Analyzer, and IAM Recommender.
Captures and analyzes network packet data using Wireshark and tshark to identify malicious traffic patterns, diagnose protocol issues, extract artifacts, and support incident response investigations on authorized network segments.
Analyzes structured and unstructured threat intelligence feeds to extract actionable indicators, adversary tactics, and campaign context. Use when ingesting commercial or open-source CTI feeds, evaluating feed quality, normalizing data into STIX 2.1 format, or enriching existing IOCs with campaign attribution. Activates for requests involving ThreatConnect, Recorded Future, Mandiant Advantage, MISP, AlienVault OTX, or automated feed aggregation pipelines.
URLScan.io is a free service for scanning and analyzing suspicious URLs. It captures screenshots, DOM content, HTTP transactions, JavaScript behavior, and network connections of web pages in an isolat
Analyzes encryption algorithms, key management, and file encryption routines used by ransomware families to assess decryption feasibility, identify implementation weaknesses, and support recovery efforts. Covers AES, RSA, ChaCha20, and hybrid encryption schemes. Activates for requests involving ransomware cryptanalysis, encryption analysis, key recovery assessment, or ransomware decryption feasibility.
Auditing Microsoft Entra ID (Azure Active Directory) configuration to identify risky authentication policies, overly permissive role assignments, stale accounts, conditional access gaps, and guest user risks using AzureAD PowerShell, Microsoft Graph API, and ScoutSuite.
Discovering and accessing unprotected pages, APIs, and administrative interfaces by enumerating URLs and bypassing authentication controls during authorized security assessments.
Builds a structured vulnerability scanning workflow using tools like Nessus, Qualys, and OpenVAS to discover, prioritize, and track remediation of security vulnerabilities across infrastructure. Use when SOC teams need to establish recurring vulnerability assessment processes, integrate scan results with SIEM alerting, and build remediation tracking dashboards.
Builds automated threat intelligence feed integration pipelines connecting STIX/TAXII feeds, open-source threat intel, and commercial TI platforms into SIEM and security tools for real-time IOC matching and alerting. Use when SOC teams need to operationalize threat intelligence by automating feed ingestion, normalization, scoring, and distribution to detection systems.
Detect and analyze heap spray attacks in memory dumps using Volatility3 plugins to identify NOP sled patterns, shellcode landing zones, and suspicious large allocations in process virtual address space.
Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query to detect suspicious administrative operations, impossible travel, privilege escalation, and resource modifications. Builds KQL queries for threat hunting in Azure environments. Use when investigating suspicious Azure tenant activity or building cloud SIEM detections.
Performs Linux memory acquisition using LiME (Linux Memory Extractor) kernel module and analysis with Volatility 3 framework. Extracts process lists, network connections, bash history, loaded kernel modules, and injected code from Linux memory images. Use when performing incident response on compromised Linux systems.
Analyzes malicious VBA macros embedded in Microsoft Office documents (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) to identify download cradles, payload execution, persistence mechanisms, and anti-analysis techniques. Uses olevba, oledump, and VBA deobfuscation to extract the attack chain. Activates for requests involving Office macro analysis, VBA malware investigation, maldoc analysis, or document-based threat examination.
Builds a structured SOC incident response playbook for ransomware attacks covering detection, containment, eradication, and recovery phases with specific SIEM queries, isolation procedures, and decision trees. Use when SOC teams need formalized response procedures for ransomware incidents aligned to NIST SP 800-61 and MITRE ATT&CK ransomware techniques.
Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3 to identify GenericAll, WriteDACL, and WriteOwner abuse paths
Prepare a defense-contractor environment for CMMC Level 2 certification: scope CUI and FCI, implement the 110 NIST SP 800-171 Rev 2 security requirements across 14 families, compute the SPRS score with the DoD Assessment Methodology, manage a compliant POA&M, and ready the organization for a C3PAO assessment. Use when an organization handles Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) under a DoD contract, when a contract carries DFARS clause 252.204-7012/7019/7020/7021, when preparing for or responding to a CMMC assessment, when computing or improving an SPRS score, when building a System Security Plan or POA&M for 800-171, or when scoping which systems are in the CUI boundary. Keywords: CMMC, CMMC Level 2, NIST 800-171, SP 800-171 Rev 2, CUI, FCI, SPRS, DFARS 7012, C3PAO, POA&M, System Security Plan, DoD Assessment Methodology, 110 controls, defense industrial base, DIB, FedRAMP equivalency.
Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect BOLA/IDOR attacks, rate limit bypass, credential scanning, and injection attempts. Uses pandas for statistical analysis of request patterns and anomaly detection. Use when investigating API abuse or building API-specific threat detection rules.
Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files and memory dumps to identify C2 infrastructure, malleable profiles, and operator tradecraft.
Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to detect phishing domains, lookalike certificates, and unauthorized certificate issuance targeting your organization.
Perform static and symbolic analysis of Solidity smart contracts using Slither and Mythril to detect reentrancy, integer overflow, access control, and other vulnerability classes before deployment to Ethereum mainnet.
Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain framework to identify which phases an adversary has completed, where defenses succeeded or failed, and what controls would have interrupted the attack at earlier phases. Use when conducting post-incident analysis, building prevention-focused security controls, or mapping detection gaps to kill chain phases. Activates for requests involving kill chain analysis, intrusion kill chain, attack phase mapping, or Lockheed Martin kill chain framework.
Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling, DGA domain communication, and covert C2 channels using entropy analysis, query volume anomalies, and subdomain length detection in SIEM platforms. Use when SOC teams need to identify DNS-based threats that bypass traditional network security controls.
Parse NetFlow v9 and IPFIX records to detect volumetric anomalies, port scanning, data exfiltration, and C2 beaconing patterns. Uses the Python netflow library to decode flow records, builds traffic baselines, and applies statistical analysis to identify flows with abnormal byte counts, connection durations, and periodic timing patterns.
Analyzes indicators of compromise (IOCs) including IP addresses, domains, file hashes, URLs, and email artifacts to determine maliciousness confidence, campaign attribution, and blocking priority. Use when triaging IOCs from phishing emails, security alerts, or external threat feeds; enriching raw IOCs with multi-source intelligence; or making block/monitor/whitelist decisions. Activates for requests involving VirusTotal, AbuseIPDB, MalwareBazaar, MISP, or IOC enrichment pipelines.
Runtime iOS app security testing with Objection (Frida): inspect keychain and filesystem data, explore app internals at runtime, and validate/bypass client-side protections during authorized mobile assessments.
Uses the Linux Audit framework (auditd) with ausearch and aureport utilities to detect intrusion attempts, unauthorized access, privilege escalation, and suspicious system activity. Covers audit rule configuration, log querying, timeline reconstruction, and integration with SIEM platforms. Activates for requests involving auditd analysis, Linux audit log investigation, ausearch queries, aureport summaries, or host-based intrusion detection on Linux.
Leverages Splunk Enterprise Security and SPL (Search Processing Language) to investigate security incidents through log correlation, timeline reconstruction, and anomaly detection. Covers Windows event logs, firewall logs, proxy logs, and authentication data analysis. Activates for requests involving Splunk investigation, SPL queries, SIEM log analysis, security event correlation, or log-based incident investigation.
Analyzes Windows Security, System, and Sysmon event logs in Splunk to detect authentication attacks, privilege escalation, persistence mechanisms, and lateral movement using SPL queries mapped to MITRE ATT&CK techniques. Use when SOC analysts need to investigate Windows-based threats, build detection queries, or perform forensic timeline analysis of Windows endpoints and domain controllers.
Parse Apache and Nginx access logs to detect SQL injection attempts, local file inclusion, directory traversal, web scanner fingerprints, and brute-force patterns. Uses regex-based pattern matching against OWASP attack signatures, GeoIP enrichment for source attribution, and statistical anomaly detection for request frequency and response size outliers.
Conducts authorized wireless network penetration tests to assess the security of WiFi infrastructure by testing for weak encryption protocols, captive portal bypasses, evil twin attacks, WPA2/WPA3 handshake capture, rogue access point detection, and client-side attacks. The tester evaluates wireless authentication, network segmentation, and the effectiveness of wireless intrusion detection systems. Activates for requests involving wireless pentest, WiFi security assessment, WPA2/WPA3 testing, or rogue access point detection.
Analyzes encryption algorithms, key management, and file encryption routines used by ransomware families to assess decryption feasibility, identify implementation weaknesses, and support recovery efforts. Covers AES, RSA, ChaCha20, and hybrid encryption schemes. Activates for requests involving ransomware cryptanalysis, encryption analysis, key recovery assessment, or ransomware decryption feasibility.
Prepare a defense-contractor environment for CMMC Level 2 certification: scope CUI and FCI, implement the 110 NIST SP 800-171 Rev 2 security requirements across 14 families, compute the SPRS score with the DoD Assessment Methodology, manage a compliant POA&M, and ready the organization for a C3PAO assessment. Use when an organization handles Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) under a DoD contract, when a contract carries DFARS clause 252.204-7012/7019/7020/7021, when preparing for or responding to a CMMC assessment, when computing or improving an SPRS score, when building a System Security Plan or POA&M for 800-171, or when scoping which systems are in the CUI boundary. Keywords: CMMC, CMMC Level 2, NIST 800-171, SP 800-171 Rev 2, CUI, FCI, SPRS, DFARS 7012, C3PAO, POA&M, System Security Plan, DoD Assessment Methodology, 110 controls, defense industrial base, DIB, FedRAMP equivalency.
Monitor Certificate Transparency logs using crt.sh and Certstream to detect phishing domains, lookalike certificates, and unauthorized certificate issuance targeting your organization.
Analyzes indicators of compromise (IOCs) including IP addresses, domains, file hashes, URLs, and email artifacts to determine maliciousness confidence, campaign attribution, and blocking priority. Use when triaging IOCs from phishing emails, security alerts, or external threat feeds; enriching raw IOCs with multi-source intelligence; or making block/monitor/whitelist decisions. Activates for requests involving VirusTotal, AbuseIPDB, MalwareBazaar, MISP, or IOC enrichment pipelines.
Queries Certificate Transparency logs via crt.sh and pycrtsh to detect phishing domains, unauthorized certificate issuance, and shadow IT. Monitors newly issued certificates for typosquatting and brand impersonation using Levenshtein distance. Use for proactive phishing domain detection and certificate monitoring.
Auditing Kubernetes cluster RBAC configurations to identify overly permissive roles, wildcard permissions, dangerous ClusterRoleBindings, service account abuse, and privilege escalation paths using kubectl, rbac-tool, KubiScan, and Kubeaudit.
Pre-deployment security audit of Solidity smart contracts in a Foundry project. Combines static analysis (Slither, Aderyn), symbolic execution (Mythril), and property-based testing (forge fuzz + invariant tests with handlers) to catch reentrancy, access-control, oracle/price manipulation, and arithmetic bugs BEFORE deploying to an EVM chain. Also enforces key hygiene (no plaintext private keys, encrypted cast keystore) and a secure deploy workflow. Use when writing, reviewing, testing, or deploying Solidity/Foundry contracts, building a dApp, or working with forge/cast/anvil, MetaMask, or Web3/DeFi code.
This skill outlines methodologies for performing authorized penetration testing against AWS, Azure, and GCP cloud environments. It covers understanding the shared responsibility model for testing scope, leveraging cloud-specific attack tools like Pacu and ScoutSuite, exploiting IAM misconfigurations, testing for SSRF to cloud metadata services, and reporting findings aligned to MITRE ATT&CK Cloud matrix.
Conducts security testing of REST, GraphQL, and gRPC APIs to identify vulnerabilities in authentication, authorization, rate limiting, input validation, and business logic. The tester uses the OWASP API Security Top 10 as the testing framework, combining Burp Suite interception with Postman collections and custom scripts to test endpoint security at every privilege level. Activates for requests involving API security testing, REST API pentest, GraphQL security assessment, or API vulnerability testing.
Conduct a defensible cybersecurity risk assessment using the NIST SP 800-30 Rev 1 methodology: prepare scope and a risk model, identify threat sources and threat events, identify vulnerabilities and predisposing conditions, determine likelihood and impact, compute risk, and communicate results as a prioritized risk register. Use when an organization needs an actual risk *assessment* (not a maturity score), when a control framework (CSF, ISO 27001, RMF, SOC 2, PCI) requires a documented risk analysis as input, when leadership asks "what are our top risks and how bad are they", when assessing risk for a new system or major change, or when building a risk register from scratch. This is the methodology that feeds framework selection, ATO packages, and treatment decisions. Keywords: risk assessment, NIST 800-30, threat modeling, likelihood and impact, risk register, risk analysis, threat sources, vulnerabilities, risk determination, qualitative risk, risk matrix, residual risk, risk treatment.
Simulates man-in-the-middle attacks using Ettercap, mitmproxy, and Bettercap in authorized environments to intercept, analyze, and modify network traffic for testing encryption enforcement, certificate validation, and detection capabilities.
Performs memory forensics analysis using Volatility 3 to extract evidence of malware execution, process injection, network connections, and credential theft from RAM dumps captured during incident response. Covers memory acquisition, process analysis, DLL inspection, and malware detection. Activates for requests involving memory forensics, RAM analysis, Volatility framework, memory dump investigation, volatile evidence analysis, or live memory acquisition.
Conducts penetration testing of iOS and Android mobile applications following the OWASP Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG) to identify vulnerabilities in data storage, network communication, authentication, cryptography, and platform-specific security controls. The tester performs static analysis of application binaries, dynamic analysis at runtime, and API security testing to evaluate the complete mobile attack surface. Activates for requests involving mobile app pentest, iOS security assessment, Android security testing, or OWASP MASTG assessment.
Execute an internal network penetration test simulating an insider threat or post-breach attacker to identify lateral movement paths, privilege escalation vectors, and sensitive data exposure within the corporate network.
Facilitate structured post-incident reviews to identify root causes, document what worked and failed, and produce actionable recommendations to improve future incident response.
Conducts comprehensive network penetration tests against authorized target environments by performing host discovery, port scanning, service enumeration, vulnerability identification, and controlled exploitation to assess the security posture of network infrastructure. The tester follows PTES methodology from reconnaissance through post-exploitation and reporting. Activates for requests involving network pentest, infrastructure security assessment, internal network testing, or external perimeter testing.
Configures host-based intrusion detection systems (HIDS) to monitor endpoint file integrity, system calls, and configuration changes for security violations. Use when deploying OSSEC, Wazuh, or AIDE for endpoint monitoring, building file integrity monitoring (FIM) policies, or meeting compliance requirements for change detection. Activates for requests involving HIDS configuration, file integrity monitoring, OSSEC/Wazuh deployment, or host-based detection.
Builds a structured SOC incident response playbook for ransomware attacks covering detection, containment, eradication, and recovery phases with specific SIEM queries, isolation procedures, and decision trees. Use when SOC teams need formalized response procedures for ransomware incidents aligned to NIST SP 800-61 and MITRE ATT&CK ransomware techniques.
Plan and execute authorized vishing (voice phishing) pretext calls to assess employee susceptibility to social engineering and evaluate security awareness controls.
Discovering and accessing unprotected pages, APIs, and administrative interfaces by enumerating URLs and bypassing authentication controls during authorized security assessments.
Build effective detection rules using Splunk Search Processing Language (SPL) correlation searches to identify security threats in SOC environments.
Auditing Terraform infrastructure-as-code for security misconfigurations using Checkov, tfsec, Terrascan, and OPA/Rego policies to detect overly permissive IAM policies, public resource exposure, missing encryption, and insecure defaults before cloud deployment.
Parse Apache and Nginx access logs to detect SQL injection attempts, local file inclusion, directory traversal, web scanner fingerprints, and brute-force patterns. Uses regex-based pattern matching against OWASP attack signatures, GeoIP enrichment for source attribution, and statistical anomaly detection for request frequency and response size outliers.
Extract and analyze Cobalt Strike beacon configuration from PE files and memory dumps to identify C2 infrastructure, malleable profiles, and operator tradecraft.
Runtime iOS app security testing with Objection (Frida): inspect keychain and filesystem data, explore app internals at runtime, and validate/bypass client-side protections during authorized mobile assessments.
Builds an automated malware submission and analysis pipeline that collects suspicious files from endpoints and email gateways, submits them to sandbox environments and multi-engine scanners, and generates verdicts with IOCs for SIEM integration. Use when SOC teams need to scale malware analysis beyond manual sandbox submissions for high-volume alert triage.
Builds vendor-agnostic detection rules using the Sigma rule format for threat detection across SIEM platforms including Splunk, Elastic, and Microsoft Sentinel. Use when creating portable detection logic from threat intelligence, mapping rules to MITRE ATT&CK techniques, or converting community Sigma rules into platform-specific queries using sigmac or pySigma backends.
Leverages Splunk Enterprise Security and SPL (Search Processing Language) to investigate security incidents through log correlation, timeline reconstruction, and anomaly detection. Covers Windows event logs, firewall logs, proxy logs, and authentication data analysis. Activates for requests involving Splunk investigation, SPL queries, SIEM log analysis, security event correlation, or log-based incident investigation.
Builds automated threat intelligence feed integration pipelines connecting STIX/TAXII feeds, open-source threat intel, and commercial TI platforms into SIEM and security tools for real-time IOC matching and alerting. Use when SOC teams need to operationalize threat intelligence by automating feed ingestion, normalization, scoring, and distribution to detection systems.
Captures and analyzes network packet data using Wireshark and tshark to identify malicious traffic patterns, diagnose protocol issues, extract artifacts, and support incident response investigations on authorized network segments.
URLScan.io is a free service for scanning and analyzing suspicious URLs. It captures screenshots, DOM content, HTTP transactions, JavaScript behavior, and network connections of web pages in an isolat
Builds a structured vulnerability scanning workflow using tools like Nessus, Qualys, and OpenVAS to discover, prioritize, and track remediation of security vulnerabilities across infrastructure. Use when SOC teams need to establish recurring vulnerability assessment processes, integrate scan results with SIEM alerting, and build remediation tracking dashboards.
Parse NetFlow v9 and IPFIX records to detect volumetric anomalies, port scanning, data exfiltration, and C2 beaconing patterns. Uses the Python netflow library to decode flow records, builds traffic baselines, and applies statistical analysis to identify flows with abnormal byte counts, connection durations, and periodic timing patterns.
Parse Office 365 Unified Audit Logs via Microsoft Graph API to detect email forwarding rule creation, inbox delegation, suspicious OAuth app grants, and other indicators of account compromise.
Monitors Certificate Transparency (CT) logs to detect unauthorized certificate issuance, discover subdomains via CT data, and alert on suspicious certificate activity for owned domains. Uses the crt.sh API and direct CT log querying based on RFC 6962 to build continuous monitoring pipelines that catch rogue certificates, track CA behavior, and map the external attack surface. Activates for requests involving certificate transparency monitoring, CT log auditing, subdomain discovery via certificates, or certificate issuance alerting.
Analyzes Windows Security, System, and Sysmon event logs in Splunk to detect authentication attacks, privilege escalation, persistence mechanisms, and lateral movement using SPL queries mapped to MITRE ATT&CK techniques. Use when SOC analysts need to investigate Windows-based threats, build detection queries, or perform forensic timeline analysis of Windows endpoints and domain controllers.
Systematically audit AWS S3 bucket permissions to identify publicly accessible buckets, overly permissive ACLs, misconfigured bucket policies, and missing encryption settings using AWS CLI, S3audit, and Prowler to enforce least-privilege data access controls.
Builds real-time incident response dashboards in Splunk, Elastic, or Grafana to provide SOC analysts and leadership with situational awareness during active incidents, tracking affected systems, containment status, IOC spread, and response timeline. Use when IR teams need unified visibility during incident coordination and post-incident reporting.
Parse Windows PowerShell Script Block Logs (Event ID 4104) from EVTX files to detect obfuscated commands, encoded payloads, and living-off-the-land techniques. Uses python-evtx to extract and reconstruct multi-block scripts, applies entropy analysis and pattern matching for Base64-encoded commands, Invoke-Expression abuse, download cradles, and AMSI bypass attempts.
Analyzes DNS query logs to detect data exfiltration via DNS tunneling, DGA domain communication, and covert C2 channels using entropy analysis, query volume anomalies, and subdomain length detection in SIEM platforms. Use when SOC teams need to identify DNS-based threats that bypass traditional network security controls.
Auditing Google Cloud Platform IAM permissions to identify overly permissive bindings, primitive role usage, service account key proliferation, and cross-project access risks using gcloud CLI, Policy Analyzer, and IAM Recommender.
Uses the Linux Audit framework (auditd) with ausearch and aureport utilities to detect intrusion attempts, unauthorized access, privilege escalation, and suspicious system activity. Covers audit rule configuration, log querying, timeline reconstruction, and integration with SIEM platforms. Activates for requests involving auditd analysis, Linux audit log investigation, ausearch queries, aureport summaries, or host-based intrusion detection on Linux.
Detect dangerous ACL misconfigurations in Active Directory using ldap3 to identify GenericAll, WriteDACL, and WriteOwner abuse paths
Parses API Gateway access logs (AWS API Gateway, Kong, Nginx) to detect BOLA/IDOR attacks, rate limit bypass, credential scanning, and injection attempts. Uses pandas for statistical analysis of request patterns and anomaly detection. Use when investigating API abuse or building API-specific threat detection rules.
Queries Azure Monitor activity logs and sign-in logs via azure-monitor-query to detect suspicious administrative operations, impossible travel, privilege escalation, and resource modifications. Builds KQL queries for threat hunting in Azure environments. Use when investigating suspicious Azure tenant activity or building cloud SIEM detections.
Perform static and symbolic analysis of Solidity smart contracts using Slither and Mythril to detect reentrancy, integer overflow, access control, and other vulnerability classes before deployment to Ethereum mainnet.
Systematically collects, categorizes, and distributes indicators of compromise (IOCs) during and after security incidents to enable detection, blocking, and threat intelligence sharing. Covers network, host, email, and behavioral indicators using STIX/TAXII formats and threat intelligence platforms. Activates for requests involving IOC collection, indicator extraction, threat indicator sharing, compromise indicators, STIX export, or IOC enrichment.
Performs Linux memory acquisition using LiME (Linux Memory Extractor) kernel module and analysis with Volatility 3 framework. Extracts process lists, network connections, bash history, loaded kernel modules, and injected code from Linux memory images. Use when performing incident response on compromised Linux systems.
Detect and analyze heap spray attacks in memory dumps using Volatility3 plugins to identify NOP sled patterns, shellcode landing zones, and suspicious large allocations in process virtual address space.
Builds SOC performance metrics and KPI tracking dashboards measuring Mean Time to Detect (MTTD), Mean Time to Respond (MTTR), alert quality ratios, analyst productivity, and detection coverage using SIEM data. Use when SOC leadership needs operational visibility, continuous improvement tracking, or executive-level reporting on security operations effectiveness.
Analyzes intrusion activity against the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain framework to identify which phases an adversary has completed, where defenses succeeded or failed, and what controls would have interrupted the attack at earlier phases. Use when conducting post-incident analysis, building prevention-focused security controls, or mapping detection gaps to kill chain phases. Activates for requests involving kill chain analysis, intrusion kill chain, attack phase mapping, or Lockheed Martin kill chain framework.
Parses Kubernetes API server audit logs (JSON lines) to detect exec-into-pod, secret access, RBAC modifications, privileged pod creation, and anonymous API access. Builds threat detection rules from audit event patterns. Use when investigating Kubernetes cluster compromise or building k8s-specific SIEM detection rules.
Analyzes malicious VBA macros embedded in Microsoft Office documents (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) to identify download cradles, payload execution, persistence mechanisms, and anti-analysis techniques. Uses olevba, oledump, and VBA deobfuscation to extract the attack chain. Activates for requests involving Office macro analysis, VBA malware investigation, maldoc analysis, or document-based threat examination.
Analyzes network traffic generated by malware during sandbox execution or live incident response to identify C2 protocols, data exfiltration channels, payload downloads, and lateral movement patterns using Wireshark, Zeek, and Suricata. Activates for requests involving malware network analysis, C2 traffic decoding, malware PCAP analysis, or network-based malware detection.
Collects and synthesizes open-source intelligence (OSINT) about threat actors, malicious infrastructure, and attack campaigns using publicly available data sources, passive reconnaissance tools, and dark web monitoring. Use when investigating external threat actor infrastructure, performing pre-engagement reconnaissance for authorized red team assessments, or enriching CTI reports with publicly available adversary context. Activates for requests involving Maltego, Shodan, OSINT framework, SpiderFoot, or infrastructure reconnaissance.
Analyzes malicious PDF files using PDFiD, pdf-parser, and peepdf to identify embedded JavaScript, shellcode, exploits, and suspicious objects without opening the document. Determines the attack vector and extracts embedded payloads for further analysis. Activates for requests involving PDF malware analysis, malicious document analysis, PDF exploit investigation, or suspicious attachment triage.
Analyzes structured and unstructured threat intelligence feeds to extract actionable indicators, adversary tactics, and campaign context. Use when ingesting commercial or open-source CTI feeds, evaluating feed quality, normalizing data into STIX 2.1 format, or enriching existing IOCs with campaign attribution. Activates for requests involving ThreatConnect, Recorded Future, Mandiant Advantage, MISP, AlienVault OTX, or automated feed aggregation pipelines.
Auditing Microsoft Entra ID (Azure Active Directory) configuration to identify risky authentication policies, overly permissive role assignments, stale accounts, conditional access gaps, and guest user risks using AzureAD PowerShell, Microsoft Graph API, and ScoutSuite.
Automates the enrichment of raw indicators of compromise with multi-source threat intelligence context using SOAR platforms, Python pipelines, or TIP playbooks to reduce analyst triage time and standardize enrichment outputs. Use when building automated enrichment workflows integrated with SIEM alerts, email submission pipelines, or bulk IOC processing from threat feeds. Activates for requests involving SOAR enrichment, Cortex XSOAR, Splunk SOAR, TheHive, Python enrichment pipelines, or automated IOC processing.
Analyzes RAM memory dumps from compromised systems using the Volatility framework to identify malicious processes, injected code, network connections, loaded modules, and extracted credentials. Supports Windows, Linux, and macOS memory forensics. Activates for requests involving memory forensics, RAM analysis, volatile data examination, process injection detection, or memory-resident malware investigation.
Analyzes network traffic captures and flow data to identify adversary activity during security incidents, including command-and-control communications, lateral movement, data exfiltration, and exploitation attempts. Uses Wireshark, Zeek, and NetFlow analysis techniques. Activates for requests involving network traffic analysis, packet capture investigation, PCAP analysis, network forensics, C2 traffic detection, or exfiltration detection.
Analyzes RAM memory dumps from compromised systems using the Volatility framework to identify malicious processes, injected code, network connections, loaded modules, and extracted credentials. Supports Windows, Linux, and macOS memory forensics. Activates for requests involving memory forensics, RAM analysis, volatile data examination, process injection detection, or memory-resident malware investigation.
Analyzes network traffic captures and flow data to identify adversary activity during security incidents, including command-and-control communications, lateral movement, data exfiltration, and exploitation attempts. Uses Wireshark, Zeek, and NetFlow analysis techniques. Activates for requests involving network traffic analysis, packet capture investigation, PCAP analysis, network forensics, C2 traffic detection, or exfiltration detection.