ckorhonen/subway-info

Subway Info

Overview

Real-time NYC transit information covering subway, bus, ferry, and commuter rail (LIRR/Metro-North). Covers all 496 subway stations, 16,000+ bus stops, NYC Ferry landings, and LIRR/Metro-North stations.

When to Use

• Checking real-time train arrivals at a station
• Getting current service alerts and delays
• Searching for subway stations by name or line
• Planning trips between subway stations
• Checking bus arrivals and routes
• NYC Ferry schedules and alerts
• LIRR and Metro-North departures
• Commute planning and schedule checking

CLI Tool (Preferred)

If subway-info CLI is available, prefer it over raw curl — it handles retries, auth, and outputs token-efficient text by default.

Install

# From the mta-mcp repo
npm run build:cli
# Binary at ./dist/subway-info

# Or run directly
npm run cli -- arrivals --station 127

Subway Commands

subway-info arrivals --station 127 --line 1 --direction N --limit 5
subway-info alerts --line A
subway-info stations --query "times square"
subway-info trip --from 127 --to 631
subway-info status --line L

Bus Commands

subway-info bus arrivals --stop 402940 --route M1
subway-info bus alerts --route M1
subway-info bus stops --query "5th ave" --borough Manhattan
subway-info bus route --route M1

Ferry Commands

subway-info ferry arrivals --landing <id>
subway-info ferry alerts
subway-info ferry landings --query "wall street"
subway-info ferry routes

Rail Commands (LIRR / Metro-North)

subway-info rail departures --station <id> --system LIRR
subway-info rail alerts --system MNR
subway-info rail stations --query "penn" --system LIRR
subway-info rail station --station <id>

Global Options

--json          Print raw JSON instead of compact text
--api-key <key> Override $SUBWAY_INFO_API_KEY
--base-url <url> Override https://subwayinfo.nyc

REST API

All data endpoints use POST with JSON body. Base URL: https://subwayinfo.nyc

Rate Limits

| Tier | Requests/Min | Authentication | |------|--------------|----------------| | Anonymous | 10 | None (IP-based) | | Free | 60 | X-API-Key header | | Standard | 300 | X-API-Key header | | Premium | 1000 | X-API-Key header |

Subway Endpoints

Get Arrivals

curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/arrivals \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"station_id": "127", "line": "1", "direction": "N", "limit": 5}'

| Parameter | Type | Required | Description | |-----------|------|----------|-------------| | station_id | string | Yes | Station ID (use search to find) | | line | string | No | Filter by line (e.g., "1", "A", "F") | | direction | "N" | "S" | No | N=uptown/Bronx, S=downtown/Brooklyn | | limit | number | No | Max arrivals (default: 10) |

Get Alerts

curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/alerts \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"line": "A"}'

| Parameter | Type | Required | Description | |-----------|------|----------|-------------| | line | string | No | Filter by line | | alert_type | string | No | Filter by type (e.g., "Delays", "Planned Work") |

Search Stations

curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/stations \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"query": "union square"}'

| Parameter | Type | Required | Description | |-----------|------|----------|-------------| | query | string | No | Station name search | | line | string | No | Filter by line | | limit | number | No | Max results (default: 10) |

Get Station Info

curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/station \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"station_id": "127"}'

Plan Trip

curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/trip \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"origin_station_id": "127", "destination_station_id": "631"}'

Bus Endpoints

POST /api/bus/arrivals   {"stop_id": "402940", "route": "M1", "limit": 5}
POST /api/bus/alerts     {"route": "M1"}
POST /api/bus/stops      {"query": "5th ave", "borough": "Manhattan"}
POST /api/bus/route      {"route_id": "M1"}

Ferry Endpoints

POST /api/ferry/arrivals  {"landing_id": "<id>", "route": "<route>"}
POST /api/ferry/alerts    {"route": "<route>"}
POST /api/ferry/landings  {"query": "wall street"}
POST /api/ferry/routes    {}

Rail Endpoints (LIRR / Metro-North)

POST /api/rail/departures {"station_id": "<id>", "system": "LIRR"}
POST /api/rail/alerts     {"system": "MNR", "branch": "Hudson"}
POST /api/rail/stations   {"query": "penn", "system": "LIRR"}
POST /api/rail/station    {"station_id": "<id>"}

Health Check

GET /health

Common Station IDs

| Station | ID | Lines | |---------|-----|-------| | Times Sq-42 St | 127 | 1, 2, 3, 7, N, Q, R, W, S | | Grand Central-42 St | 631 | 4, 5, 6, 7, S | | 14 St-Union Sq | L03 | L, 4, 5, 6, N, Q, R, W | | 34 St-Penn Station | A28 | A, C, E, 1, 2, 3 | | Fulton St | A38 | A, C, J, Z, 2, 3, 4, 5 | | Atlantic Av-Barclays Ctr | D24 | B, D, N, Q, R, 2, 3, 4, 5 |

Use subway-info stations --query "..." or /api/stations to find any station ID.

Helper Scripts

./scripts/arrivals.sh "times square"          # Search by name
./scripts/arrivals.sh 127 1 N 5              # By ID with filters
./scripts/alerts.sh A                         # A train alerts
./scripts/trip.sh "times square" "grand central"
./scripts/status.sh L                         # L train status

Error Handling

| Status Code | Meaning | Action | |-------------|---------|--------| | 400 | Bad Request | Check required parameters | | 401 | Unauthorized | Invalid API key | | 429 | Rate Limited | Reduce request frequency or add API key | | 500 | Server Error | Retry with backoff |

Best Practices

• Use CLI when available — handles retries, auth, and compact output automatically
• Search first: Find station IDs before calling arrivals
• Filter by line: Narrow arrivals with line parameter for cleaner results
• Cache station IDs: Station IDs are stable; cache them after first lookup
• Respect rate limits: Anonymous tier is 10 req/min; set SUBWAY_INFO_API_KEY for higher limits

Common Pitfalls

Transit data is notoriously tricky. These are real failure modes that catch agents and users regularly.

Outdated Schedule Data (Cached vs Real-Time)

The Problem: Arrival times shown may be cached or stale, especially during heavy traffic or service disruptions.

Why It Happens:

• API responses cache at edge servers for 5-10 seconds to handle load
• Client-side polling without fresh server calls returns stale data
• During service disruptions, arrival predictions revert to scheduled times (not real)

How to Detect & Fix:

# Check data freshness timestamp in response
curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/arrivals \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"station_id": "127"}' | jq '.data_timestamp'

# If timestamp is >10 seconds old, force fresh fetch (use new API key or IP to bypass cache)
# Or: add ?nocache=true parameter if API supports it

When This Matters: Real-time trip planning, urgent commutes, tight connections Solution: Always fetch fresh data for time-critical decisions; don't rely on stale responses

Missing Service Alerts (Planned Work, Delays Not Checked)

The Problem: A train arrives in 20 minutes, but there's a planned service change, track work, or delay that the arrivals endpoint didn't surface.

Why It Happens:

• /api/arrivals shows train predictions but doesn't include active alerts
• Planned work (weekends, nights) isn't reflected in real-time predictions
• Delays added mid-journey aren't immediately reflected across all endpoints
• Advisory alerts (e.g., "expect delays") exist but aren't tied to specific arrivals

How to Detect & Fix:

# Always check alerts separately from arrivals
curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/alerts \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"line": "1"}' | jq '.[] | select(.type | contains("Planned"))'

# Cross-reference: if planning a trip at 11 PM on Saturday, check alerts first
# Many lines have weekend/night track work that predictions don't catch early

When This Matters: Weekend trips, night commutes, planned service disruptions Solution: Always fetch alerts before planning a trip, not after seeing arrivals

Wrong Station/Line Identification (Name Confusion, Multiple Stations)

The Problem: "Times Square" has 4+ stations; searching gives ambiguous results; agent picks wrong one.

Why It Happens:

• Station names aren't unique (e.g., "14 St" exists 6+ times across the system)
• Multiple lines serve the same physical location but with different IDs (42 St-Times Sq is 127, but 42 St-Port Authority is A09)
• Search returns top 5 results but doesn't disambiguate by line or direction
• User says "Grand Central" but means Grand Central Terminal (multiple LIRR/MNR stations exist)

How to Detect & Fix:

# Search returns ambiguous results
curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/stations \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"query": "times square"}' | jq '.results[] | {name, id, lines}'

# Output: Multiple results with overlapping names
# Solution: Filter by line before picking station ID
curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/stations \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"query": "times square", "line": "1"}' | jq '.results[0].id'

When This Matters: Multi-line stations, tourist areas, connections between systems Solution: Always filter searches by line if user specifies it; confirm station ID before using it

Reference Table (Ambiguous Stations): | Location | Station Names | Lines | IDs | |----------|---------------|-------|-----| | Times Square Area | 42 St-Times Sq, 42 St-Port Authority, 42 St-GCT | 1/2/3 vs A/C/E vs 4/5/6/7 | 127 vs A09 vs 631 | | 14th Street | 14 St-Union Sq, 14 St-A/C, 14 St-F/M, 14 St-1/2/3, 14 St-L | Multiple | Multiple | | Penn Station Area | 34 St-Penn, 34 St-Herald Sq, 34 St-GCT | A/C/E vs B/D/F/M vs 1/2/3 | A28 vs B24 vs 307 |

Time Zone Handling (Schedule vs User Location Time)

The Problem: Schedule shows 5:30 PM arrival, but user is in Pacific time and misreads it as local 2:30 PM.

Why It Happens:

• MTA schedule data is always in Eastern Time (ET) — API doesn't convert
• User's system clock may be different timezone
• Travel time estimates don't account for timezone differences if trip crosses regions
• Schedule responses don't include timezone info; agent must infer

How to Detect & Fix:

# API returns times in ET (no TZ field)
curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/arrivals \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"station_id": "127"}' | jq '.arrivals[0].arrival_time'

# Always convert to user's timezone before displaying
# JavaScript example:
const etTime = new Date(arrivalTime); // Interpreted as ET
const userTz = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone;
const userTime = etTime.toLocaleString('en-US', { timeZone: userTz });

When This Matters: Remote users, cross-country travel planning, scheduling meetings Solution: Always note that times are in Eastern Time; convert to user's local time when displaying

Weekend/Holiday Schedule Differences (Wrong Assumptions)

The Problem: Monday's train schedule is different from Saturday's; predictions assume weekday service but it's actually a holiday.

Why It Happens:

• MTA runs different schedules for weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays
• Arrival predictions are weekday-based by default; weekend schedules are sparse
• Holiday schedules (Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's) are completely different
• Some lines have modified service on nights/weekends that predictions don't reflect clearly

How to Detect & Fix:

// Check if today is a holiday or weekend
const today = new Date();
const dayOfWeek = today.getDay(); // 0 = Sunday, 6 = Saturday
const holidays = ["2026-01-01", "2026-07-04", "2026-12-25"]; // NYD, July 4, Xmas
const isSpecialDay = dayOfWeek === 0 || dayOfWeek === 6 || holidays.includes(today.toISOString().split('T')[0]);

if (isSpecialDay) {
  console.warn("Running reduced/modified schedule today. Arrivals may not reflect typical service.");
  // Fetch fresh alerts to see if specific lines have changes
}

When This Matters: Weekend trips, holiday travel, late-night commutes Solution: Check day-of-week and holiday calendar; verify alerts if weekend/holiday

MTA API Version Drift (Deprecated Endpoints, Breaking Changes)

The Problem: Old code uses /arrivals endpoint but MTA deprecated it in favor of a new schema that returns different field names.

Why It Happens:

• MTA occasionally updates API schemas without backward compatibility
• Field names change (e.g., arrival_time → estimated_arrival_time)
• Response structure reorganizes (nested vs flat)
• Version mismatches between live API and local documentation

How to Detect & Fix:

# Check API version in response headers
curl -s -i -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/arrivals \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"station_id": "127"}' | grep -i 'api-version'

# If response structure is unexpected, check API docs at subwayinfo.nyc/docs
# Parse defensively: use `.get()` and provide defaults
const arrival_time = response.arrivals?.[0]?.estimated_arrival_time 
  ?? response.arrivals?.[0]?.arrival_time 
  ?? "Unknown";

When This Matters: Long-running services, production dashboards, archival code Solution: Monitor API version headers; test after MTA updates; use defensive parsing

Rate Limit Surprises (Exceeding Quota During Bursts)

The Problem: You're on the Free tier (60 req/min), but a popular line gets heavy traffic and you blast 200 requests in 10 seconds checking multiple stations.

Why It Happens:

• Rate limits are per-minute buckets; bursts within a minute can exceed quota
• Checking many stations or lines simultaneously exceeds limit quickly
• API returns 429 but doesn't queue requests — they fail immediately
• Error recovery (retry loops) can cascade and exceed limits further

How to Detect & Fix:

# Monitor for 429 responses
curl -s -X POST https://subwayinfo.nyc/api/arrivals \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"station_id": "127"}' \
  -w "\nHTTP Status: %{http_code}\n"

# If 429: Implement exponential backoff
async function fetchWithRetry(url, maxRetries = 3) {
  for (let i = 0; i < maxRetries; i++) {
    const response = await fetch(url);
    if (response.status !== 429) return response;
    const retryAfter = response.headers.get('Retry-After') || (2 ** i);
    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, retryAfter * 1000));
  }
  throw new Error("Rate limited after retries");
}

When This Matters: Dashboards, multi-station queries, production load spikes Solution: Serialize requests or batch them; monitor rate limit headers; use API key for higher quotas

Resources

• Subway Info Website
• API Documentation
• MTA Developer Resources