arize-ai/arize-dataset

Arize Dataset Skill

SPACE — All --space flags and the ARIZE_SPACE env var accept a space name (e.g., my-workspace) or a base64 space ID (e.g., U3BhY2U6...). Find yours with ax spaces list.

Concepts

• Dataset = a versioned collection of examples used for evaluation and experimentation
• Dataset Version = a snapshot of a dataset at a point in time; updates can be in-place or create a new version
• Example = a single record in a dataset with arbitrary user-defined fields (e.g., question, answer, context)
• Space = an organizational container; datasets belong to a space

System-managed fields on examples (id, created_at, updated_at) are auto-generated by the server -- never include them in create or append payloads.

Prerequisites

Proceed directly with the task — run the ax command you need. Do NOT check versions, env vars, or profiles upfront.

If an ax command fails, troubleshoot based on the error:

• command not found or version error → see references/ax-setup.md
• 401 Unauthorized / missing API key → run ax profiles show to inspect the current profile. If the profile is missing or the API key is wrong, follow references/ax-profiles.md to create/update it. If the user doesn't have their key, direct them to https://app.arize.com/admin > API Keys
• Space unknown → run ax spaces list to pick by name, or ask the user
• Project unclear → ask the user, or run ax projects list -o json --limit 100 and present as selectable options
• Security: Never read .env files or search the filesystem for credentials. Use ax profiles for Arize credentials and ax ai-integrations for LLM provider keys. If credentials are not available through these channels, ask the user.

List Datasets: ax datasets list

Browse datasets in a space. Output goes to stdout.

ax datasets list
ax datasets list --space SPACE --limit 20
ax datasets list --cursor CURSOR_TOKEN
ax datasets list -o json

Flags

| Flag | Type | Default | Description | |------|------|---------|-------------| | --space | string | from profile | Filter by space | | --name, -n | string | none | Substring filter on dataset name | | --limit, -l | int | 15 | Max results (1-100) | | --cursor | string | none | Pagination cursor from previous response | | -o, --output | string | table | Output format: table, json, csv, parquet, or file path |

Get Dataset: ax datasets get

Quick metadata lookup -- returns dataset name, space, timestamps, and version list.

ax datasets get NAME_OR_ID
ax datasets get NAME_OR_ID -o json
ax datasets get NAME_OR_ID --space SPACE   # required when using dataset name instead of ID

Flags

| Flag | Type | Default | Description | |------|------|---------|-------------| | NAME_OR_ID | string | required | Dataset name or ID (positional) | | --space | string | none | Space name or ID (required if using dataset name instead of ID) | | -o, --output | string | table | Output format |

Response fields

| Field | Type | Description | |-------|------|-------------| | id | string | Dataset ID | | name | string | Dataset name | | space_id | string | Space this dataset belongs to | | created_at | datetime | When the dataset was created | | updated_at | datetime | Last modification time | | versions | array | List of dataset versions (id, name, dataset_id, created_at, updated_at) |

Export Dataset: ax datasets export

Download all examples to a file. Use --all for datasets larger than 500 examples (unlimited bulk export).

ax datasets export NAME_OR_ID
# -> dataset_abc123_20260305_141500/examples.json

ax datasets export NAME_OR_ID --all
ax datasets export NAME_OR_ID --version-id VERSION_ID
ax datasets export NAME_OR_ID --output-dir ./data
ax datasets export NAME_OR_ID --stdout
ax datasets export NAME_OR_ID --stdout | jq '.[0]'
ax datasets export NAME_OR_ID --space SPACE   # required when using dataset name instead of ID

Flags

| Flag | Type | Default | Description | |------|------|---------|-------------| | NAME_OR_ID | string | required | Dataset name or ID (positional) | | --space | string | none | Space name or ID (required if using dataset name instead of ID) | | --version-id | string | latest | Export a specific dataset version | | --all | bool | false | Unlimited bulk export (use for datasets > 500 examples) | | --output-dir | string | . | Output directory | | --stdout | bool | false | Print JSON to stdout instead of file |

Agent auto-escalation rule: If an export returns exactly 500 examples, the result is likely truncated — re-run with --all to get the full dataset.

Export completeness verification: After exporting, confirm the row count matches what the server reports:

# Get the server-reported count from dataset metadata
ax datasets get DATASET_NAME --space SPACE -o json | jq '.versions[-1] | {version: .id, examples: .example_count}'

# Compare to what was exported
jq 'length' dataset_*/examples.json

# If counts differ, re-export with --all

Output is a JSON array of example objects. Each example has system fields (id, created_at, updated_at) plus all user-defined fields:

[
  {
    "id": "ex_001",
    "created_at": "2026-01-15T10:00:00Z",
    "updated_at": "2026-01-15T10:00:00Z",
    "question": "What is 2+2?",
    "answer": "4",
    "topic": "math"
  }
]

Create Dataset: ax datasets create

Create a new dataset from a data file.

ax datasets create --name "My Dataset" --space SPACE --file data.csv
ax datasets create --name "My Dataset" --space SPACE --file data.json
ax datasets create --name "My Dataset" --space SPACE --file data.jsonl
ax datasets create --name "My Dataset" --space SPACE --file data.parquet

Flags

| Flag | Type | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|-------------| | --name, -n | string | yes | Dataset name | | --space | string | yes | Space to create the dataset in | | --file, -f | path | yes | Data file: CSV, JSON, JSONL, or Parquet | | -o, --output | string | no | Output format for the returned dataset metadata |

Passing data via stdin

Use --file - to pipe data directly — no temp file needed:

echo '[{"question": "What is 2+2?", "answer": "4"}]' | ax datasets create --name "my-dataset" --space SPACE --file -

# Or with a heredoc
ax datasets create --name "my-dataset" --space SPACE --file - << 'EOF'
[{"question": "What is 2+2?", "answer": "4"}]
EOF

To add rows to an existing dataset, use ax datasets append --json '[...]' instead — no file needed.

Supported file formats

| Format | Extension | Notes | |--------|-----------|-------| | CSV | .csv | Column headers become field names | | JSON | .json | Array of objects | | JSON Lines | .jsonl | One object per line (NOT a JSON array) | | Parquet | .parquet | Column names become field names; preserves types |

Format gotchas:

• CSV: Loses type information — dates become strings, null becomes empty string. Use JSON/Parquet to preserve types.
• JSONL: Each line is a separate JSON object. A JSON array ([{...}, {...}]) in a .jsonl file will fail — use .json extension instead.
• Parquet: Preserves column types. Requires pandas/pyarrow to read locally: pd.read_parquet("examples.parquet").

Append Examples: ax datasets append

Add examples to an existing dataset. Two input modes -- use whichever fits.

Inline JSON (agent-friendly)

Generate the payload directly -- no temp files needed:

ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --json '[{"question": "What is 2+2?", "answer": "4"}]'

ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --json '[
  {"question": "What is gravity?", "answer": "A fundamental force..."},
  {"question": "What is light?", "answer": "Electromagnetic radiation..."}
]'

From a file

ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --file new_examples.csv
ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --file additions.json

To a specific version

ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --json '[{"q": "..."}]' --version-id VERSION_ID

Flags

| Flag | Type | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|-------------| | NAME_OR_ID | string | yes | Dataset name or ID (positional); add --space when using name | | --space | string | no | Space name or ID (required if using dataset name instead of ID) | | --json | string | mutex | JSON array of example objects | | --file, -f | path | mutex | Data file (CSV, JSON, JSONL, Parquet) | | --version-id | string | no | Append to a specific version (default: latest) | | -o, --output | string | no | Output format for the returned dataset metadata |

Exactly one of --json or --file is required.

Validation

• Each example must be a JSON object with at least one user-defined field
• Maximum 100,000 examples per request

Schema validation before append: If the dataset already has examples, inspect its schema before appending to avoid silent field mismatches:

# Check existing field names in the dataset
ax datasets export DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --stdout | jq '.[0] | keys'

# Verify your new data has matching field names
echo '[{"question": "..."}]' | jq '.[0] | keys'

# Both outputs should show the same user-defined fields

Fields are free-form: extra fields in new examples are added, and missing fields become null. However, typos in field names (e.g., queston vs question) create new columns silently -- verify spelling before appending.

Delete Dataset: ax datasets delete

ax datasets delete NAME_OR_ID
ax datasets delete NAME_OR_ID --space SPACE   # required when using dataset name instead of ID
ax datasets delete NAME_OR_ID --force   # skip confirmation prompt

Flags

| Flag | Type | Default | Description | |------|------|---------|-------------| | NAME_OR_ID | string | required | Dataset name or ID (positional) | | --space | string | none | Space name or ID (required if using dataset name instead of ID) | | --force, -f | bool | false | Skip confirmation prompt |

Update Dataset: ax datasets update

Rename an existing dataset.

ax datasets update NAME_OR_ID --name "new-dataset-name"
ax datasets update NAME_OR_ID --name "new-dataset-name" --space SPACE

Flags

| Flag | Type | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|-------------| | NAME_OR_ID | string | yes | Dataset name or ID (positional) | | --name | string | yes | New dataset name | | --space | string | no | Space name or ID (required if using dataset name instead of ID) |

Annotate Examples: ax datasets annotate-examples

Write annotations onto dataset examples in bulk from a file. Upsert semantics — existing annotations with the same key are updated, new ones are created. Up to 1000 annotations per request.

ax datasets annotate-examples NAME_OR_ID --file annotations.json
ax datasets annotate-examples NAME_OR_ID --file annotations.csv --space SPACE

Flags

| Flag | Type | Required | Description | |------|------|----------|-------------| | NAME_OR_ID | string | yes | Dataset name or ID (positional) | | --file, -f | path | yes | Annotation file: JSON, JSONL, CSV, or Parquet (use - for stdin) | | --space | string | no | Space name or ID (required if using dataset name instead of ID) |

Workflows

Find a dataset by name

All dataset commands accept a name or ID directly. You can pass a dataset name as the positional argument (add --space SPACE when not using an ID):

# Use name directly
ax datasets get "eval-set-v1" --space SPACE
ax datasets export "eval-set-v1" --space SPACE

# Or resolve name to ID via list if you need the base64 ID
ax datasets list -o json | jq '.[] | select(.name == "eval-set-v1") | .id'

Create a dataset from file for evaluation

1. Prepare a CSV/JSON/Parquet file with your evaluation columns (e.g., input, expected_output)
   • If generating data inline, pipe it via stdin using --file - (see the Create Dataset section)
2. ax datasets create --name "eval-set-v1" --space SPACE --file eval_data.csv
3. Verify: ax datasets get DATASET_NAME --space SPACE
4. Use the dataset name to run experiments

Add examples to an existing dataset

# Find the dataset
ax datasets list --space SPACE

# Append inline or from a file using the dataset name (see Append Examples section for full syntax)
ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --json '[{"question": "...", "answer": "..."}]'
ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --file additional_examples.csv

Download dataset for offline analysis

1. ax datasets list --space SPACE -- find the dataset name
2. ax datasets export DATASET_NAME --space SPACE -- download to file
3. Parse the JSON: jq '.[] | .question' dataset_*/examples.json

Export a specific version

# List versions
ax datasets get DATASET_NAME --space SPACE -o json | jq '.versions'

# Export that version
ax datasets export DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --version-id VERSION_ID

Iterate on a dataset

1. Export current version: ax datasets export DATASET_NAME --space SPACE
2. Modify the examples locally
3. Append new rows: ax datasets append DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --file new_rows.csv
4. Or create a fresh version: ax datasets create --name "eval-set-v2" --space SPACE --file updated_data.json

Pipe export to other tools

# Count examples
ax datasets export DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --stdout | jq 'length'

# Extract a single field
ax datasets export DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --stdout | jq '.[].question'

# Convert to CSV with jq
ax datasets export DATASET_NAME --space SPACE --stdout | jq -r '.[] | [.question, .answer] | @csv'

Dataset Example Schema

Examples are free-form JSON objects. There is no fixed schema -- columns are whatever fields you provide. System-managed fields are added by the server:

| Field | Type | Managed by | Notes | |-------|------|-----------|-------| | id | string | server | Auto-generated UUID. Required on update, forbidden on create/append | | created_at | datetime | server | Immutable creation timestamp | | updated_at | datetime | server | Auto-updated on modification | | (any user field) | any JSON type | user | String, number, boolean, null, nested object, array |

Related Skills

• arize-trace: Export production spans to understand what data to put in datasets → use arize-trace
• arize-experiment: Run evaluations against this dataset → next step is arize-experiment
• arize-prompt-optimization: Use dataset + experiment results to improve prompts → use arize-prompt-optimization

Troubleshooting

| Problem | Solution | |---------|----------| | ax: command not found | See references/ax-setup.md | | 401 Unauthorized | API key is wrong, expired, or doesn't have access to this space. Fix the profile using references/ax-profiles.md. | | No profile found | No profile is configured. See references/ax-profiles.md to create one. | | Dataset not found | Verify dataset ID with ax datasets list | | File format error | Supported: CSV, JSON, JSONL, Parquet. Use --file - to read from stdin. | | platform-managed column | Remove id, created_at, updated_at from create/append payloads | | reserved column | Remove time, count, or any source_record_* field | | Provide either --json or --file | Append requires exactly one input source | | Examples array is empty | Ensure your JSON array or file contains at least one example | | not a JSON object | Each element in the --json array must be a {...} object, not a string or number |

Save Credentials for Future Use

See references/ax-profiles.md § Save Credentials for Future Use.