docs/es/skills/rust-testing/SKILL.md
Patrones de pruebas en Rust incluyendo pruebas unitarias, de integración, async, basadas en propiedades, mocking y cobertura. Sigue la metodología TDD.
npx skillsauth add affaan-m/everything-claude-code rust-testingInstall this skill globally with one command. Works with Claude Code, Cursor, and Windsurf.
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Patrones completos de pruebas en Rust para escribir pruebas confiables y mantenibles siguiendo la metodología TDD.
#[test] en un módulo #[cfg(test)], rstest para pruebas parametrizadas, o proptest para pruebas basadas en propiedadesROJO → Escribir primero una prueba que falle
VERDE → Escribir el código mínimo para que pase
REFACTORIZAR → Mejorar el código manteniendo las pruebas en verde
REPETIR → Continuar con el siguiente requisito
// ROJO: Escribir la prueba primero, usar todo!() como placeholder
pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { todo!() }
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn test_add() { assert_eq!(add(2, 3), 5); }
}
// cargo test → panic en 'not yet implemented'
// VERDE: Reemplazar todo!() con implementación mínima
pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { a + b }
// cargo test → PASS, luego REFACTORIZAR manteniendo pruebas en verde
// src/user.rs
pub struct User {
pub name: String,
pub email: String,
}
impl User {
pub fn new(name: impl Into<String>, email: impl Into<String>) -> Result<Self, String> {
let email = email.into();
if !email.contains('@') {
return Err(format!("invalid email: {email}"));
}
Ok(Self { name: name.into(), email })
}
pub fn display_name(&self) -> &str {
&self.name
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn creates_user_with_valid_email() {
let user = User::new("Alice", "[email protected]").unwrap();
assert_eq!(user.display_name(), "Alice");
assert_eq!(user.email, "[email protected]");
}
#[test]
fn rejects_invalid_email() {
let result = User::new("Bob", "not-an-email");
assert!(result.is_err());
assert!(result.unwrap_err().contains("invalid email"));
}
}
assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4); // Igualdad
assert_ne!(2 + 2, 5); // Desigualdad
assert!(vec![1, 2, 3].contains(&2)); // Booleano
assert_eq!(value, 42, "expected 42 but got {value}"); // Mensaje personalizado
assert!((0.1_f64 + 0.2 - 0.3).abs() < f64::EPSILON); // Comparación de flotantes
Result#[test]
fn parse_returns_error_for_invalid_input() {
let result = parse_config("}{invalid");
assert!(result.is_err());
// Verificar variante de error específica
let err = result.unwrap_err();
assert!(matches!(err, ConfigError::ParseError(_)));
}
#[test]
fn parse_succeeds_for_valid_input() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let config = parse_config(r#"{"port": 8080}"#)?;
assert_eq!(config.port, 8080);
Ok(()) // La prueba falla si algún ? retorna Err
}
#[test]
#[should_panic]
fn panics_on_empty_input() {
process(&[]);
}
#[test]
#[should_panic(expected = "index out of bounds")]
fn panics_with_specific_message() {
let v: Vec<i32> = vec![];
let _ = v[0];
}
my_crate/
├── src/
│ └── lib.rs
├── tests/ # Pruebas de integración
│ ├── api_test.rs # Cada archivo es un binario de prueba separado
│ ├── db_test.rs
│ └── common/ # Utilidades de prueba compartidas
│ └── mod.rs
// tests/api_test.rs
use my_crate::{App, Config};
#[test]
fn full_request_lifecycle() {
let config = Config::test_default();
let app = App::new(config);
let response = app.handle_request("/health");
assert_eq!(response.status, 200);
assert_eq!(response.body, "OK");
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn fetches_data_successfully() {
let client = TestClient::new().await;
let result = client.get("/data").await;
assert!(result.is_ok());
assert_eq!(result.unwrap().items.len(), 3);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn handles_timeout() {
use std::time::Duration;
let result = tokio::time::timeout(
Duration::from_millis(100),
slow_operation(),
).await;
assert!(result.is_err(), "should have timed out");
}
rstestuse rstest::{rstest, fixture};
#[rstest]
#[case("hello", 5)]
#[case("", 0)]
#[case("rust", 4)]
fn test_string_length(#[case] input: &str, #[case] expected: usize) {
assert_eq!(input.len(), expected);
}
// Fixtures
#[fixture]
fn test_db() -> TestDb {
TestDb::new_in_memory()
}
#[rstest]
fn test_insert(test_db: TestDb) {
test_db.insert("key", "value");
assert_eq!(test_db.get("key"), Some("value".into()));
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
/// Crea un usuario de prueba con valores predeterminados sensatos.
fn make_user(name: &str) -> User {
User::new(name, &format!("{name}@test.com")).unwrap()
}
#[test]
fn user_display() {
let user = make_user("alice");
assert_eq!(user.display_name(), "alice");
}
}
proptestuse proptest::prelude::*;
proptest! {
#[test]
fn encode_decode_roundtrip(input in ".*") {
let encoded = encode(&input);
let decoded = decode(&encoded).unwrap();
assert_eq!(input, decoded);
}
#[test]
fn sort_preserves_length(mut vec in prop::collection::vec(any::<i32>(), 0..100)) {
let original_len = vec.len();
vec.sort();
assert_eq!(vec.len(), original_len);
}
#[test]
fn sort_produces_ordered_output(mut vec in prop::collection::vec(any::<i32>(), 0..100)) {
vec.sort();
for window in vec.windows(2) {
assert!(window[0] <= window[1]);
}
}
}
use proptest::prelude::*;
fn valid_email() -> impl Strategy<Value = String> {
("[a-z]{1,10}", "[a-z]{1,5}")
.prop_map(|(user, domain)| format!("{user}@{domain}.com"))
}
proptest! {
#[test]
fn accepts_valid_emails(email in valid_email()) {
assert!(User::new("Test", &email).is_ok());
}
}
mockalluse mockall::{automock, predicate::eq};
#[automock]
trait UserRepository {
fn find_by_id(&self, id: u64) -> Option<User>;
fn save(&self, user: &User) -> Result<(), StorageError>;
}
#[test]
fn service_returns_user_when_found() {
let mut mock = MockUserRepository::new();
mock.expect_find_by_id()
.with(eq(42))
.times(1)
.returning(|_| Some(User { id: 42, name: "Alice".into() }));
let service = UserService::new(Box::new(mock));
let user = service.get_user(42).unwrap();
assert_eq!(user.name, "Alice");
}
#[test]
fn service_returns_none_when_not_found() {
let mut mock = MockUserRepository::new();
mock.expect_find_by_id()
.returning(|_| None);
let service = UserService::new(Box::new(mock));
assert!(service.get_user(99).is_none());
}
/// Suma dos números.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use my_crate::add;
///
/// assert_eq!(add(2, 3), 5);
/// assert_eq!(add(-1, 1), 0);
/// ```
pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
a + b
}
/// Parsea una cadena de configuración.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Retorna `Err` si la entrada no es TOML válido.
///
/// ```no_run
/// use my_crate::parse_config;
///
/// let config = parse_config(r#"port = 8080"#).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(config.port, 8080);
/// ```
///
/// ```no_run
/// use my_crate::parse_config;
///
/// assert!(parse_config("}{invalid").is_err());
/// ```
pub fn parse_config(input: &str) -> Result<Config, ParseError> {
todo!()
}
# Cargo.toml
[dev-dependencies]
criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["html_reports"] }
[[bench]]
name = "benchmark"
harness = false
// benches/benchmark.rs
use criterion::{black_box, criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
fn fibonacci(n: u64) -> u64 {
match n {
0 | 1 => n,
_ => fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2),
}
}
fn bench_fibonacci(c: &mut Criterion) {
c.bench_function("fib 20", |b| b.iter(|| fibonacci(black_box(20))));
}
criterion_group!(benches, bench_fibonacci);
criterion_main!(benches);
# Instalar: cargo install cargo-llvm-cov (o usar taiki-e/install-action en CI)
cargo llvm-cov # Resumen
cargo llvm-cov --html # Reporte HTML
cargo llvm-cov --lcov > lcov.info # Formato LCOV para CI
cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 80 # Fallar si está por debajo del umbral
| Tipo de Código | Objetivo | |----------------|----------| | Lógica de negocio crítica | 100% | | API pública | 90%+ | | Código general | 80%+ | | Bindings generados / FFI | Excluir |
cargo test # Ejecutar todas las pruebas
cargo test -- --nocapture # Mostrar salida de println
cargo test test_name # Ejecutar pruebas que coincidan con el patrón
cargo test --lib # Solo pruebas unitarias
cargo test --test api_test # Solo pruebas de integración
cargo test --doc # Solo pruebas de documentación
cargo test --no-fail-fast # No detener al primer fallo
cargo test -- --ignored # Ejecutar pruebas ignoradas
HACER:
#[cfg(test)] para pruebas unitariasassert_eq! sobre assert! para mejores mensajes de error? en pruebas que retornan Result para salida de errores más limpiaNO HACER:
#[should_panic] cuando se puede probar Result::is_err()sleep() en pruebas — usar canales, barreras o tokio::time::pause()# GitHub Actions
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
with:
components: clippy, rustfmt
- name: Check formatting
run: cargo fmt --check
- name: Clippy
run: cargo clippy -- -D warnings
- name: Run tests
run: cargo test
- uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-llvm-cov
- name: Coverage
run: cargo llvm-cov --fail-under-lines 80
Recuerda: Las pruebas son documentación. Muestran cómo debe usarse tu código. Escríbelas con claridad y mantenlas actualizadas.
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