skills-il/israeli-id-validator

Israeli ID Validator

Instructions

Step 1: Identify ID Type

| Type | Prefix | Length | Example | Notes | |------|--------|--------|---------|-------| | Teudat Zehut (native-born) | 100-499 millions | 9 digits | 123456782 | Sequential, NOT date-encoded | | Teudat Zehut (resident / temporary / foreign worker) | 500-899 millions | 9 digits | 612345678 | Issued to permanent residents, temp residents, foreign workers (3xx range commonly seen for foreign workers) | | Company (Ltd) | 51 | 9 digits | 51-530820-1 | Issued by Companies Registrar | | Partnership | 55 | 9 digits | 55-012345-6 | Issued by Registrar of Partnerships | | Cooperative Society (Aguda Shitufit) | 57 | 9 digits | 57-012345-6 | Issued by Cooperative Societies Registrar | | Amuta (Non-profit) | 58 | 9 digits | 58-012345-6 | Issued by Registrar of Amutot |

Step 2: Validate Using Check Digit Algorithm

The Israeli ID check digit algorithm (applies to all types):

def validate_israeli_id(id_number: str) -> bool:
    """Validate Israeli ID number (TZ, company, amuta, etc.)"""
    # Remove dashes and spaces, pad to 9 digits
    id_str = id_number.replace('-', '').replace(' ', '').zfill(9)

    if len(id_str) != 9 or not id_str.isdigit():
        return False

    total = 0
    for i, digit in enumerate(id_str):
        # Position counting from left: odd positions (0,2,4,6,8) multiply by 1
        # Even positions (1,3,5,7) multiply by 2
        weight = 1 if i % 2 == 0 else 2
        val = int(digit) * weight
        if val > 9:
            val = val // 10 + val % 10     # Sum digits if > 9
        total += val

    return total % 10 == 0

Step 3: Provide Result

For valid IDs: Confirm valid, identify type by prefix For invalid IDs: Report invalid, show which check failed, suggest common errors:

• Transposed digits
• Missing/extra digit
• Incorrect check digit

Step 4: Generate Test IDs (Development Use)

For development and testing, generate valid test IDs:

def generate_test_id(prefix: str = "") -> str:
    """Generate a valid Israeli ID number for testing."""
    import random
    base = prefix + ''.join([str(random.randint(0, 9)) for _ in range(8 - len(prefix))])
    # Calculate check digit
    total = 0
    for i, digit in enumerate(base):
        weight = 1 if i % 2 == 0 else 2
        val = int(digit) * weight
        if val > 9:
            val = val // 10 + val % 10
        total += val
    check = (10 - (total % 10)) % 10
    return base + str(check)

CAVEAT: Generated IDs are for testing only. Never use random IDs as real identification.

Examples

Example 1: Validate TZ

User says: "Is 123456782 a valid Israeli ID?" Result: Run algorithm, report valid/invalid with explanation.

Example 2: Code Implementation

User says: "I need Israeli ID validation in JavaScript" Result: Provide equivalent algorithm in JavaScript.

Example 3: Generate Test Data

User says: "I need 10 valid test company numbers" Result: Generate 10 valid IDs with 51- prefix for testing.

Bundled Resources

Scripts

• scripts/validate_id.py , Validates, identifies, formats, and generates Israeli ID numbers (Teudat Zehut, company, amuta, partnership). Supports verbose mode showing step-by-step check digit calculation, batch test ID generation with prefix control, and type identification from any ID number. Run: python scripts/validate_id.py --help

References

• references/id-formats.md , Specification of all Israeli ID number formats including Teudat Zehut, company (51-prefix), amuta (58-prefix), partnership (55-prefix), and cooperative society (57-prefix) with issuing authorities, format patterns, the Luhn-variant check digit algorithm with a worked example, and common validation errors. Consult when implementing validation logic or debugging check digit failures.

Reference Links

• Misrad HaPnim, ID numbering page (gov.il) , Official Ministry of Interior page on Teudat Zehut issuance, structure, and renewal.
• ICA Companies Registrar (justice.gov.il) , Lookup for company (51), amuta (58), partnership (55), and cooperative society (57) numbers.
• Kolzchut, "תעודות זהות, דרכונים ותעודות מעבר" , Citizen-rights wiki hub for identity cards, passports, and travel documents, covering eligibility, replacement, and number ranges.
• Privacy Protection Law, Amendment 13 (Knesset) , 2025 amendment tightening consent, breach-notification, and PII handling rules. In force August 2025.

Gotchas

• Israeli ID numbers (Teudat Zehut) are exactly 9 digits with a Luhn (mod 10) check digit. Agents may generate random 9-digit numbers that fail the check digit validation.
• Israeli ID numbers with fewer than 9 digits must be left-padded with zeros. An ID like "12345678" is actually "012345678". Agents may strip leading zeros and break validation.
• Israeli ID numbers are NOT date-encoded. Numbers in the 100-499 million range are assigned sequentially to native-born citizens; you cannot infer birth date, age, or birth year from the digits. Agents trained on US SSN-style intuition often invent this assumption.
• Foreign-worker IDs commonly land in the 3xx-million sub-range of the 500-899 million resident block. Agents may flag them as "non-Israeli" or strip them entirely. They pass the same Luhn check; treat them like any other 9-digit ID.
• PII / privacy logging: never log unredacted Israeli IDs in application logs, error messages, telemetry, or analytics events. Israel's Privacy Protection Law Amendment 13 (in force August 2025) tightens consent and breach-notification rules. When displaying an ID to a non-authorized context (debug UI, support tooling, customer-facing receipt), mask the middle digits, e.g. 123****82. Hash or tokenize before persisting in non-essential stores.
• Israeli military IDs (mispar ishi) use a different format than civilian IDs and should not be validated with the same algorithm.
• Israeli temporary resident IDs start with specific digit patterns. Agents may reject valid temporary IDs because they do not match permanent ID patterns.

Troubleshooting

Error: "ID appears valid but isn't recognized"

Cause: Check digit passes but the ID isn't issued Solution: The algorithm only validates FORMAT, not existence. Verifying if an ID is actually issued requires Tax Authority or Interior Ministry systems.

Error: "Foreign worker ID fails validation"

Cause: Agent or upstream filter is rejecting IDs in the 5xx-8xx range as "not Israeli", or the check digit is failing because the ID was stored as 8 digits with the leading digit dropped. Solution: Foreign-worker and temporary-resident IDs use the same 9-digit Luhn check as native-born IDs. Re-pad with leading zeros (zfill(9)) before validating, and remove any prefix-range whitelist that excludes the 500-899 million block.

Error: "Length mismatch / leading-zero stripped"

Cause: Spreadsheet, JSON parser, or numeric column dropped the leading zero (e.g., 012345678 stored as integer becomes 12345678). Solution: Always store IDs as strings. On read, left-pad to 9 with zfill(9) (Python) / padStart(9, '0') (JS) before running the check. Reject only after re-padding.

Error: "Invalid input, dashes or spaces in ID"

Cause: User pasted a formatted company or amuta number such as 51-530820-1 or 58 012345 6. Solution: Strip all non-digit characters (re.sub(r'\D', '', id)) before length checks. Both human-formatted and raw-digit forms must validate identically.

Error: "9-digit input but algorithm fails"

Cause: Common cause is a transposition or single-digit typo in the body of the ID, not the check digit itself. Other causes: copy-paste from a Hebrew RTL source where digit order was reversed, or the value is a military mispar ishi (which does not share the civilian Luhn algorithm). Solution: Ask the user to retype the ID from the source document. If it still fails and the user insists it is correct, suggest an out-of-band verification with the issuing registry; do not "fix" check digits silently.