pimcore/pimcore-studio-backend-dto

Architecture Context

The StudioBackendBundle uses a layered architecture: Controllers (HTTP only) -> Services (business logic) -> Hydrators (DTO creation). Events provide extension points. All APIs are OpenAPI-documented.

DTOs carry data between layers. Hydrators construct DTOs from raw data. Events are dispatched before returning response DTOs, providing extension points for third-party code.

---

Response DTOs

#[Schema(
    schema: 'BundleDataImporterDataPreviewResponse',
    title: 'Bundle Data Importer Data Preview Response',
    required: ['dataPreview', 'previewRecordIndex'],
    type: 'object'
)]
final class DataPreviewResponse implements AdditionalAttributesInterface
{
    use AdditionalAttributesTrait;

    public function __construct(
        #[Property(description: '...', type: 'array', items: new Items(...))]
        private readonly array $dataPreview,
        #[Property(description: '...', type: 'integer', example: 0)]
        private readonly int $previewRecordIndex,
    ) {
    }

    // getters...
}

Key Rules

• All response DTOs implement AdditionalAttributesInterface and use AdditionalAttributesTrait.
• Schema name prefix: BundleDataImporter{Name} (matches the bundle name).
• required array in #[Schema] lists all non-nullable, non-defaulted properties.
• OpenAPI type: 'array' must always have items:

  // GOOD
  #[Property(type: 'array', items: new Items(type: 'string'))]
  #[Property(type: 'array', items: new Items(type: 'object'))]
  #[Property(type: 'array', items: new Items(properties: [...], type: 'object'))]
  
  // BAD -- missing items
  #[Property(type: 'array')]
  

• Import Items from OpenApi\Attributes\Items when using array types.
• Use readonly on all constructor-promoted properties.
• Use final class (not final readonly class) because AdditionalAttributesTrait has a mutable $additionalAttributes array.
• Trailing comma after the last constructor parameter.
• @internal PHPDoc on all DTO classes.
• Namespace: Schema\

Naming

• Response DTOs: {Name}Response (e.g., DataPreviewResponse)
• Non-response detail DTOs: just the name (e.g., ConfigurationDetail)

---

Parameter DTOs (Request Bodies)

#[Schema(
    schema: 'BundleDataImporterLoadPreviewParameters',
    title: 'Bundle Data Importer Load Preview Parameters',
    type: 'object'
)]
final readonly class LoadPreviewParameters
{
    public function __construct(
        #[Property(description: '...', type: 'object', nullable: true)]
        private ?array $currentConfig = null,
        #[Property(description: '...', type: 'integer', example: 0)]
        private int $recordNumber = 0,
    ) {
    }
    // getters...
}

Parameter DTOs don't need AdditionalAttributesInterface and can be final readonly class.

• Namespace: Schema\
• Name pattern: {Name}Parameters (e.g., LoadPreviewParameters)

---

Query String Parameter DTOs

No OpenAPI attributes needed on the class -- the controller adds #[TextFieldParameter], #[BoolParameter], #[IntParameter], etc. individually per query param:

final readonly class ClassAttributeParameters
{
    public function __construct(
        private ?string $classId = null,
        private bool $loadAdvancedRelations = false,
    ) {
    }
    // getters...
}

Paginated/Sortable Query DTOs

For endpoints with pagination, sorting, and filtering:

final readonly class ClassificationStoreKeyParameters
{
    public function __construct(
        private ?string $classId = null,
        private ?string $fieldName = null,
        private ?string $transformationResultType = null,
        private ?string $sort = null,       // JSON-encoded sort config
        private int $start = 0,             // offset, not page number
        private int $limit = 15,
        private ?string $searchfilter = null,
        private ?string $filter = null,
    ) {
    }
    // getters...
}

Key conventions:

• Pagination uses $start (offset) and $limit (count), not $page/$perPage.
• Sort is passed as ?string (JSON-encoded), not a structured type.
• All properties have defaults, making the entire query string optional.
• Validation logic goes in getters, not the constructor (e.g., max(1, $this->page)).
• The controller signature MUST default to a new instance: $parameters = new SomeParameters().
• Shared DTOs are encouraged: if multiple endpoints share the same parameters, create a single reusable DTO.

Controller per-param attributes:

#[TextFieldParameter(name: 'classId', description: '...', required: false, example: 'Car')]
#[IntParameter(name: 'start', description: '...', required: false, example: 0)]
#[IntParameter(name: 'limit', description: '...', required: false, example: 15)]
#[TextFieldParameter(name: 'sort', description: '...', required: false, example: null)]

---

Hydrator Patterns

Structure

final readonly class PreviewHydrator implements PreviewHydratorInterface
{
    public function __construct(
        private SecurityServiceInterface $securityService,
        private PreviewService $previewService,
        private InterpreterFactory $interpreterFactory
    ) {
    }

    public function hydrateDataPreview(array $dataPreview, int $recordNumber): DataPreviewResponse
    {
        return new DataPreviewResponse($dataPreview, $recordNumber);
    }
}

Key Rules

• final readonly class with @internal.
• Hydrators create DTOs. They can also encapsulate shared utility logic (e.g., loadAvailableColumnHeaders, isValidJson) when that logic is needed by both services and hydrators.
• Grouped by domain (one hydrator per domain, not one per DTO).
• Name pattern: {Domain}HydratorInterface / {Domain}Hydrator
• Namespace: Hydrator\
• Method naming: hydrate{DtoName} (e.g., hydrateDataPreview, hydrateImportStart).
• One interface + one implementation per domain (same as services).

---

Event Patterns

Structure

final class DataPreviewEvent extends AbstractPreResponseEvent
{
    public const string EVENT_NAME = 'pre_response.data_importer.data_preview';

    public function __construct(
        private readonly DataPreviewResponse $dataPreview
    ) {
        parent::__construct($dataPreview);
    }

    public function getDataPreview(): DataPreviewResponse
    {
        return $this->dataPreview;
    }
}

Key Rules

• Extend AbstractPreResponseEvent from StudioBackendBundle.
• EVENT_NAME constant follows pattern: pre_response.{bundle_name}.{snake_case_dto_name}.
• Typed const string for the event name.
• Constructor takes the response DTO, passes it to parent, and stores it in a readonly promoted property.
• Getter returns the specific DTO type (not the generic AdditionalAttributesInterface).
• No @internal -- events are public extension points (public API).
• No redundant PHPDoc on the getter if the return type is self-evident.
• One event class per response DTO.
• Namespace: Event\Studio\PreResponse\
• Name pattern: {ResponseName}Event (e.g., ConfigurationDetailEvent for ConfigurationDetail DTO).

Dispatching Events in Services

Events MUST be dispatched before returning every response DTO:

$response = $this->hydrator->hydrateSomething(...);
$this->eventDispatcher->dispatch(new SomeEvent($response), SomeEvent::EVENT_NAME);
return $response;