near/near-cli-rs

SKILL: near-cli-rs — NEAR Protocol CLI Reference for AI Agents

Purpose: This file is for LLMs generating non-interactive near commands. When a user request maps to a CLI action, look up the correct syntax here, construct the complete one-liner, show it to the user for approval, then execute it.

Rule: Always produce complete commands from near through the final action token (send, display, now, create, etc.). Never omit network-config <NETWORK>.

Version: near-cli-rs v0.14+ (tested through v0.24)

---

Command Grammar

near [GLOBAL_FLAGS] <COMMAND_GROUP> [ENTITY_ARGS] <SUBCOMMAND> [SUB_ARGS] network-config <NETWORK> [SIGNING_OPTION] [FINAL_ACTION]

• View commands end with: now | at-block-height <N> | at-block-hash <HASH>
• Transaction commands end with a signing option followed by send or display
• Account creation via faucet ends with create
• network-config keyword is always required (even for view commands)

---

Global Flags

| Flag | Effect | | ------------ | ---------------------------------------------------- | | --offline | Create/sign tx without network access | | --quiet | Suppress progress output (recommended for scripting) | | --teach-me | Print all RPC calls and their parameters |

---

Networks and View Qualifiers

| Item | Value | | --------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | | Built-in networks | mainnet, testnet | | Custom network | any <connection-name> from near config show-connections | | View: latest block | now | | View: specific height | at-block-height <BLOCK_HEIGHT> | | View: specific hash | at-block-hash <BLOCK_HASH> |

---

Amount and Gas Formats

| Asset | Format | Notes | | --------- | --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | | NEAR | '1 NEAR' or '0.5 NEAR' | Quoted, space before unit | | yoctoNEAR | '1 yoctoNEAR' | Required deposit for many contract calls | | Gas | '30 Tgas' to '300 Tgas' | Default '100 Tgas', max '300 Tgas' | | FT amount | '10 usn' | Number + FT symbol, quoted | | FT all | all | Transfer entire balance |

---

Signing Options Reference

Replace <SIGNING_OPTION> in any transaction command with one of:

| Option | Full syntax | | ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | OS keychain (recommended) | sign-with-keychain send | | Legacy keychain (~/.near-credentials/) | sign-with-legacy-keychain send | | Ledger hardware wallet | sign-with-ledger send | | Plaintext private key | sign-with-plaintext-private-key --signer-public-key ed25519:<PUBKEY> --signer-private-key ed25519:<PRIVKEY> send | | Access key file | sign-with-access-key-file /path/to/key.json send | | Seed phrase | sign-with-seed-phrase 'word1 ... word12' --seed-phrase-hd-path 'm/44'"'"'/397'"'"'/0'"'"'' send | | MPC | sign-with-mpc send | | Produce unsigned tx (sign later) | sign-later |

Replace send with display to print the signed transaction in base64 without broadcasting.

---

account Commands

view-account-summary

# Current block
near account view-account-summary <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

# Specific block height
near account view-account-summary <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> at-block-height <BLOCK_HEIGHT>

# Specific block hash
near account view-account-summary <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> at-block-hash <BLOCK_HASH>

import-account

# Using seed phrase (non-interactive)
near account import-account using-seed-phrase '<SEED_PHRASE>' --seed-phrase-hd-path 'm/44'"'"'/397'"'"'/0'"'"'' network-config <NETWORK>

# Using private key
near account import-account using-private-key ed25519:<PRIVATE_KEY> network-config <NETWORK>

# NOTE: using-web-wallet requires a browser redirect — not suitable for non-interactive use

export-account

# Export as seed phrase
near account export-account <ACCOUNT_ID> using-seed-phrase network-config <NETWORK>

# Export as private key
near account export-account <ACCOUNT_ID> using-private-key network-config <NETWORK>

create-account

# Testnet faucet (testnet only) — autogenerate keypair
near account create-account sponsor-by-faucet-service <NEW_ACCOUNT_ID> autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain network-config testnet create

# Testnet faucet — use known seed phrase
near account create-account sponsor-by-faucet-service <NEW_ACCOUNT_ID> use-manually-provided-seed-phrase '<SEED_PHRASE>' network-config testnet create

# Testnet faucet — use known public key
near account create-account sponsor-by-faucet-service <NEW_ACCOUNT_ID> use-manually-provided-public-key ed25519:<PUBKEY> network-config testnet create

# Fund-myself: create sub-account (signer is implicit from keychain)
near account create-account fund-myself <NEW_ACCOUNT_ID> '<INITIAL_BALANCE>' autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain sign-as network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Fund-myself: create account specifying explicit signer
near account create-account fund-myself <NEW_ACCOUNT_ID> '<INITIAL_BALANCE>' autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain sign-as <SIGNER_ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Fund-myself: use known seed phrase for new account
near account create-account fund-myself <NEW_ACCOUNT_ID> '<INITIAL_BALANCE>' use-manually-provided-seed-phrase '<SEED_PHRASE>' sign-as <SIGNER_ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Fund-myself: use known public key for new account
near account create-account fund-myself <NEW_ACCOUNT_ID> '<INITIAL_BALANCE>' use-manually-provided-public-key ed25519:<PUBKEY> sign-as <SIGNER_ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

delete-account

near account delete-account <ACCOUNT_ID> beneficiary <BENEFICIARY_ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

list-keys

near account list-keys <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

get-public-key

# From seed phrase
near account get-public-key from-seed-phrase '<SEED_PHRASE>' --seed-phrase-hd-path "m/44'/397'/0'"

# From plaintext private key
near account get-public-key from-plaintext-private-key ed25519:<PRIVATE_KEY>

# From OS keychain
near account get-public-key from-keychain <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK>

# From legacy keychain
near account get-public-key from-legacy-keychain <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK>

# From Ledger (requires 5-component path)
near account get-public-key from-ledger --seed-phrase-hd-path "m/44'/397'/0'/0'/1'"

add-key

# Add full-access key (provide existing public key)
near account add-key <ACCOUNT_ID> grant-full-access use-manually-provided-public-key ed25519:<PUBKEY> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Add function-call-only key (autogenerate keypair)
near account add-key <ACCOUNT_ID> grant-function-call-access --allowance '<ALLOWANCE>' --contract-account-id <CONTRACT_ID> --function-names '<METHOD1>, <METHOD2>' autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Add function-call-only key (allow all methods on contract)
near account add-key <ACCOUNT_ID> grant-function-call-access --allowance '<ALLOWANCE>' --contract-account-id <CONTRACT_ID> --function-names '' use-manually-provided-public-key ed25519:<PUBKEY> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

delete-keys

near account delete-keys <ACCOUNT_ID> public-keys ed25519:<PUBKEY> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

manage-storage-deposit

# View storage balance
near account manage-storage-deposit <CONTRACT_ID> view-balance <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

# Deposit storage
near account manage-storage-deposit <CONTRACT_ID> deposit <ACCOUNT_ID> '<AMOUNT>' sign-as <SIGNER_ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Withdraw from storage
near account manage-storage-deposit <CONTRACT_ID> withdraw '<AMOUNT>' sign-as <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

update-social-profile

# Update profile with JSON args
near account update-social-profile <ACCOUNT_ID> json-args '{"name":"<NAME>","image":{"ipfs_cid":"<CID>"}}' sign-as <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Update profile from file
near account update-social-profile <ACCOUNT_ID> file-args /path/to/profile.json sign-as <ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

---

tokens Commands

view-near-balance

near tokens <ACCOUNT_ID> view-near-balance network-config <NETWORK> now

view-ft-balance

near tokens <ACCOUNT_ID> view-ft-balance <FT_CONTRACT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

view-nft-assets

near tokens <ACCOUNT_ID> view-nft-assets <NFT_CONTRACT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

send-near

near tokens <SENDER_ACCOUNT_ID> send-near <RECEIVER_ACCOUNT_ID> '<AMOUNT>' network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

send-ft

# Send specific amount
near tokens <SENDER_ACCOUNT_ID> send-ft <FT_CONTRACT_ID> <RECEIVER_ACCOUNT_ID> '<AMOUNT>' memo '<MEMO>' network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Send all tokens (with optional custom gas/deposit)
near tokens <SENDER_ACCOUNT_ID> send-ft <FT_CONTRACT_ID> <RECEIVER_ACCOUNT_ID> all memo '' --prepaid-gas '300.0 Tgas' --attached-deposit '1 yoctoNEAR' network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

Note: Default prepaid-gas is '100.0 Tgas' and attached-deposit is '1 yoctoNEAR'.

send-nft

near tokens <SENDER_ACCOUNT_ID> send-nft <NFT_CONTRACT_ID> <RECEIVER_ACCOUNT_ID> <TOKEN_ID> --prepaid-gas '300.0 Tgas' --attached-deposit '1 yoctoNEAR' network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

---

staking Commands

validator-list

near staking validator-list network-config <NETWORK>

delegation

# View delegated stake balance
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> view-balance <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

# Deposit and stake (send NEAR to pool and immediately stake)
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> deposit-and-stake '<AMOUNT>' <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Stake previously deposited tokens
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> stake '<AMOUNT>' <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Stake all previously deposited or unstaked tokens
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> stake-all <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Unstake a specific amount
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> unstake '<AMOUNT>' <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Unstake everything
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> unstake-all <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Withdraw a specific amount (after unstaking + ~2 epoch wait)
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> withdraw '<AMOUNT>' <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Withdraw all available unstaked tokens
near staking delegation <ACCOUNT_ID> withdraw-all <POOL_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

Note: Unstaked funds require approximately 2 epochs (~48 hours) before they can be withdrawn.

---

contract Commands

call-function (view/read-only)

# With JSON args
near contract call-function as-read-only <CONTRACT_ID> <METHOD_NAME> json-args '{"key":"value"}' network-config <NETWORK> now

# With empty args
near contract call-function as-read-only <CONTRACT_ID> <METHOD_NAME> empty-args network-config <NETWORK> now

# With text args
near contract call-function as-read-only <CONTRACT_ID> <METHOD_NAME> text-args '<STRING>' network-config <NETWORK> now

# With base64 args
near contract call-function as-read-only <CONTRACT_ID> <METHOD_NAME> base64-args '<BASE64>' network-config <NETWORK> now

call-function (transaction/state-changing)

# With JSON args
near contract call-function as-transaction <CONTRACT_ID> <METHOD_NAME> json-args '{"key":"value"}' prepaid-gas '<GAS>' attached-deposit '<DEPOSIT>' sign-as <SIGNER_ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# With empty args
near contract call-function as-transaction <CONTRACT_ID> <METHOD_NAME> empty-args prepaid-gas '<GAS>' attached-deposit '<DEPOSIT>' sign-as <SIGNER_ACCOUNT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

deploy

# Deploy without init call
near contract deploy <ACCOUNT_ID> use-file /path/to/contract.wasm without-init-call network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

# Deploy with init call
near contract deploy <ACCOUNT_ID> use-file /path/to/contract.wasm with-init-call <INIT_METHOD> json-args '{}' prepaid-gas '100 Tgas' attached-deposit '0 NEAR' network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

inspect

near contract inspect <CONTRACT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

verify

near contract verify deployed-at <CONTRACT_ID> network-config <NETWORK> now

download-abi

near contract download-abi <CONTRACT_ID> save-to-file <OUTPUT_FILE_PATH> network-config <NETWORK> now

download-wasm

near contract download-wasm <CONTRACT_ID> save-to-file <OUTPUT_FILE_PATH> network-config <NETWORK> now

view-storage

# View all storage as JSON
near contract view-storage <CONTRACT_ID> all as-json network-config <NETWORK> now

# View storage filtered by key prefix (string)
near contract view-storage <CONTRACT_ID> keys-start-with-string '<PREFIX>' as-json network-config <NETWORK> now

# View storage filtered by key prefix (base64)
near contract view-storage <CONTRACT_ID> keys-start-with-bytes-as-base64 '<BASE64_PREFIX>' as-json network-config <NETWORK> now

---

transaction Commands

view-status

near transaction view-status <TX_HASH> network-config <NETWORK>

reconstruct-transaction

near transaction reconstruct-transaction <TX_HASH> network-config <NETWORK>

sign-transaction

near transaction sign-transaction '<UNSIGNED_TX_BASE64>' network-config <NETWORK> sign-with-keychain send

send-signed-transaction

near transaction send-signed-transaction '<SIGNED_TX_BASE64>' network-config <NETWORK>

print-transaction

# Print signed transaction fields
near transaction print-transaction signed '<SIGNED_TX_BASE64>'

# Print unsigned transaction fields
near transaction print-transaction unsigned '<UNSIGNED_TX_BASE64>'

send-meta-transaction

near transaction send-meta-transaction '<SIGNED_DELEGATE_BASE64>' network-config <NETWORK>

---

config Commands

show-connections

near config show-connections

add-connection

near config add-connection --network-name <NETWORK_NAME> --connection-name <CONNECTION_NAME> --rpc-url <RPC_URL> --wallet-url <WALLET_URL> --explorer-transaction-url <EXPLORER_TX_URL> [--rpc-api-key '<API_KEY>'] [--linkdrop-account-id <LINKDROP_ID>] [--faucet-url <FAUCET_URL>] [--meta-transaction-relayer-url <RELAYER_URL>]

delete-connection

near config delete-connection <CONNECTION_NAME>

---

Common Patterns (Cookbook)

Quick-reference one-liners for the most frequent tasks. Substitute placeholders with real values.

1. Check NEAR balance

near tokens alice.near view-near-balance network-config mainnet now

2. Transfer NEAR tokens

near tokens alice.near send-near bob.near '5 NEAR' network-config mainnet sign-with-keychain send

3. View account details

near account view-account-summary alice.near network-config mainnet now

4. List access keys

near account list-keys alice.near network-config mainnet now

5. Send fungible tokens

near tokens alice.near send-ft usdt.tether-token.near bob.near '10 USDT' memo '' network-config mainnet sign-with-keychain send

6. View FT balance

near tokens alice.near view-ft-balance usdt.tether-token.near network-config mainnet now

7. Call a view-only contract method

near contract call-function as-read-only wrap.near ft_balance_of json-args '{"account_id":"alice.near"}' network-config mainnet now

8. Call a state-changing contract method

near contract call-function as-transaction wrap.near ft_transfer json-args '{"receiver_id":"bob.near","amount":"1000000000000000000000000"}' prepaid-gas '100 Tgas' attached-deposit '1 yoctoNEAR' sign-as alice.near network-config mainnet sign-with-keychain send

9. Stake NEAR with a validator

near staking delegation alice.near deposit-and-stake '10 NEAR' aurora.pool.near network-config mainnet sign-with-keychain send

10. Unstake from a validator

near staking delegation alice.near unstake-all aurora.pool.near network-config mainnet sign-with-keychain send

11. Withdraw unstaked NEAR (after ~2 epoch wait)

near staking delegation alice.near withdraw-all aurora.pool.near network-config mainnet sign-with-keychain send

12. Create a testnet account (faucet-funded)

near account create-account sponsor-by-faucet-service myaccount.testnet autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain network-config testnet create

13. Create a sub-account (self-funded)

near account create-account fund-myself sub.alice.testnet '1 NEAR' autogenerate-new-keypair save-to-keychain sign-as alice.testnet network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

14. Deploy a contract

near contract deploy mycontract.testnet use-file ./contract.wasm without-init-call network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

15. Delete an access key

near account delete-keys alice.testnet public-keys ed25519:<PUBKEY_TO_REMOVE> network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

16. Add a full-access key

near account add-key alice.testnet grant-full-access use-manually-provided-public-key ed25519:<NEW_PUBKEY> network-config testnet sign-with-keychain send

---

Offline Mode and Scripting Tips

Offline signing workflow (air-gapped / two-machine)

# Machine A (offline): produce signed tx in base64 without broadcasting
near --offline tokens alice.near send-near bob.near '1 NEAR' network-config mainnet sign-with-seed-phrase '<SEED_PHRASE>' --seed-phrase-hd-path 'm/44'"'"'/397'"'"'/0'"'"'' display

# Machine B (online): broadcast the base64 tx
near transaction send-signed-transaction '<SIGNED_TX_BASE64>' network-config mainnet

sign-later workflow

# Step 1: produce unsigned base64 tx
near tokens alice.near send-near bob.near '1 NEAR' network-config mainnet sign-later

# Step 2: sign it (outputs signed base64)
near transaction sign-transaction '<UNSIGNED_TX_BASE64>' network-config mainnet sign-with-keychain display

# Step 3: broadcast
near transaction send-signed-transaction '<SIGNED_TX_BASE64>' network-config mainnet

Scripting tips

• Always add --quiet to suppress progress output in scripts
• Always quote amounts: '1 NEAR', '0.5 NEAR', '1 yoctoNEAR'
• Seed phrase HD path shell escaping: 'm/44'"'"'/397'"'"'/0'"'"''
• Use display instead of send to inspect signed tx before broadcasting

---

Key Format Reference

| Item | Format | Example | | ---------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------- | | Public key | ed25519:<BASE58> | ed25519:8h7kFK4... | | Private key | ed25519:<BASE58> | ed25519:2qM8v3N... | | Transaction hash | 44-char base58 | F3eZmht... | | Named account | name.near / name.testnet | alice.near | | Implicit account | 64-char lowercase hex | a4b05ef3... | | Standard HD path | m/44'/397'/0' | NEAR BIP44 | | Ledger HD path | m/44'/397'/0'/0'/N' | 5-component required for Ledger |

---

Common Errors

| Error | Likely cause / fix | | -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | | "Account does not exist" | Wrong network, or account not yet funded | | "Access key not found" | Use sign-with-legacy-keychain or sign-with-seed-phrase | | "Exceeded prepaid gas" | Increase gas: '300 Tgas' | | FT transfer fails silently | FT ft_transfer requires attached-deposit '1 yoctoNEAR' | | "Method not found" | Check method name with near contract inspect | | Seed phrase HD path error | Escape single quotes: 'm/44'"'"'/397'"'"'/0'"'"'' |