microsoft/entra-app-registration

Overview

Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory) is Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management service. App registrations allow applications to authenticate users and access Azure resources securely.

Key Concepts

| Concept | Description | |---------|-------------| | App Registration | Configuration that allows an app to use Microsoft identity platform | | Application (Client) ID | Unique identifier for your application | | Tenant ID | Unique identifier for your Azure AD tenant/directory | | Client Secret | Password for the application (confidential clients only) | | Redirect URI | URL where authentication responses are sent | | API Permissions | Access scopes your app requests | | Service Principal | Identity created in your tenant when you register an app |

Application Types

| Type | Use Case | |------|----------| | Web Application | Server-side apps, APIs | | Single Page App (SPA) | JavaScript/React/Angular apps | | Mobile/Native App | Desktop, mobile apps | | Daemon/Service | Background services, APIs |

Core Workflow

Step 1: Register the Application

Create an app registration in the Azure portal or using Azure CLI.

Portal Method:

1. Navigate to Azure Portal → Microsoft Entra ID → App registrations
2. Click "New registration"
3. Provide name, supported account types, and redirect URI
4. Click "Register"

CLI Method: See references/cli-commands.md IaC Method: See references/BICEP-EXAMPLE.bicep

It's highly recommended to use the IaC to manage Entra app registration if you already use IaC in your project, need a scalable solution for managing lots of app registrations or need fine-grained audit history of the configuration changes.

Step 2: Configure Authentication

Set up authentication settings based on your application type.

• Web Apps: Add redirect URIs, enable ID tokens if needed
• SPAs: Add redirect URIs, enable implicit grant flow if necessary
• Mobile/Desktop: Use http://localhost or custom URI scheme
• Services: No redirect URI needed for client credentials flow

Step 3: Configure API Permissions

Grant your application permission to access Microsoft APIs or your own APIs.

Common Microsoft Graph Permissions:

• User.Read - Read user profile
• User.ReadWrite.All - Read and write all users
• Directory.Read.All - Read directory data
• Mail.Send - Send mail as a user

Details: See references/api-permissions.md

Step 4: Create Client Credentials (if needed)

For confidential client applications (web apps, services), create a client secret, certificate or federated identity credential.

Client Secret:

• Navigate to "Certificates & secrets"
• Create new client secret
• Copy the value immediately (only shown once)
• Store securely (Key Vault recommended)

Certificate: For production environments, use certificates instead of secrets for enhanced security. Upload certificate via "Certificates & secrets" section.

Federated Identity Credential: For dynamically authenticating the confidential client to Entra platform.

Step 5: Implement OAuth Flow

Integrate the OAuth flow into your application code.

See:

• references/oauth-flows.md - OAuth 2.0 flow details
• references/console-app-example.md - Console app implementation

Common Patterns

Pattern 1: First-Time App Registration

Walk user through their first app registration step-by-step.

Required Information:

• Application name
• Application type (web, SPA, mobile, service)
• Redirect URIs (if applicable)
• Required permissions

Script: See references/first-app-registration.md

Pattern 2: Console Application with User Authentication

Create a .NET/Python/Node.js console app that authenticates users.

Required Information:

• Programming language (C#, Python, JavaScript, etc.)
• Authentication library (MSAL recommended)
• Required permissions

Example: See references/console-app-example.md

Pattern 3: Service-to-Service Authentication

Set up daemon/service authentication without user interaction.

Required Information:

• Service/app name
• Target API/resource
• Whether to use secret or certificate

Implementation: Use Client Credentials flow (see references/oauth-flows.md#client-credentials-flow)

MCP Tools and CLI

Azure CLI Commands

| Command | Purpose | |---------|---------| | az ad app create | Create new app registration | | az ad app list | List app registrations | | az ad app show | Show app details | | az ad app permission add | Add API permission | | az ad app credential reset | Generate new client secret | | az ad sp create | Create service principal |

Complete reference: See references/cli-commands.md

Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL)

MSAL is the recommended library for integrating Microsoft identity platform.

Supported Languages:

• .NET/C# - Microsoft.Identity.Client
• JavaScript/TypeScript - @azure/msal-browser, @azure/msal-node
• Python - msal

Examples: See references/console-app-example.md

Security Best Practices

| Practice | Recommendation | |----------|---------------| | Never hardcode secrets | Use environment variables, Azure Key Vault, or managed identity | | Rotate secrets regularly | Set expiration, automate rotation | | Use certificates over secrets | More secure for production | | Least privilege permissions | Request only required API permissions | | Enable MFA | Require multi-factor authentication for users | | Use managed identity | For Azure-hosted apps, avoid secrets entirely | | Validate tokens | Always validate issuer, audience, expiration | | Use HTTPS only | All redirect URIs must use HTTPS (except localhost) | | Monitor sign-ins | Use Entra ID sign-in logs for anomaly detection |

SDK Quick References

• Azure Identity: Python | .NET | TypeScript | Java | Rust
• Key Vault (secrets): Python | TypeScript
• Auth Events: .NET

References

• OAuth Flows - Detailed OAuth 2.0 flow explanations
• CLI Commands - Azure CLI reference for app registrations
• Console App Example - Complete working examples
• First App Registration - Step-by-step guide for beginners
• API Permissions - Understanding and configuring permissions
• Troubleshooting - Common issues and solutions

External Resources

• Microsoft Identity Platform Documentation
• OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect protocols
• MSAL Documentation
• Microsoft Graph API