madappgang/optimize

Optimize Skill

Overview

The optimize skill provides comprehensive on-demand performance and optimization analysis for your codebase. It identifies bottlenecks, slow builds, large bundles, inefficient code patterns, and opportunities for performance improvements across all supported technology stacks.

When to Use:

• Performance issues and slow response times
• Large bundle sizes and slow page loads
• Long build and compile times
• High memory usage
• Database query optimization
• API endpoint performance tuning
• CI/CD pipeline optimization

Technology Coverage:

• React/TypeScript/JavaScript (Vite, Webpack, Rollup)
• Go applications (build time, runtime performance)
• Rust projects (compile time, binary size)
• Python codebases (runtime optimization)
• Full-stack applications
• Database queries (SQL, ORM)

Optimization Categories

1. Build Performance

What Gets Analyzed:

• Build duration and bottlenecks
• Dependency resolution time
• TypeScript compilation speed
• Asset processing (images, fonts)
• Code splitting effectiveness
• Cache utilization

Common Issues:

• Unnecessary re-builds of unchanged code
• Large dependency trees
• Inefficient TypeScript configuration
• Missing build caching
• Redundant asset processing

Optimization Targets:

• Reduce build time by 30-50%
• Enable incremental builds
• Optimize dependency resolution
• Improve cache hit rates

2. Bundle Size

What Gets Measured:

• Total bundle size (uncompressed/gzipped)
• Individual chunk sizes
• Duplicate dependencies
• Tree-shaking effectiveness
• Unused code in bundles
• Third-party library sizes

Bundle Analysis:

Bundle Size Breakdown:
├── vendor.js: 847 KB (312 KB gzipped)
│   ├── react-dom: 142 KB
│   ├── lodash: 71 KB (should use lodash-es)
│   ├── moment: 67 KB (consider date-fns)
│   └── ...
├── main.js: 234 KB (89 KB gzipped)
└── [lazy chunks]: 156 KB total

Optimization Goals:

• Keep initial bundle under 200 KB (gzipped)
• Lazy load non-critical code
• Remove duplicate dependencies
• Use lighter alternatives

3. Runtime Performance

What Gets Profiled:

• Function execution time
• Component render performance
• Memory allocation patterns
• Garbage collection pressure
• Event loop blocking
• Async operation efficiency

Performance Metrics:

• Time to First Byte (TTFB)
• First Contentful Paint (FCP)
• Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)
• Total Blocking Time (TBT)
• Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)

Detection Methods:

• Profiling data analysis
• Flame graph generation
• Hot path identification
• Memory leak detection

4. Memory Usage

What Gets Monitored:

• Heap allocation patterns
• Memory leaks
• Large object retention
• Closure memory overhead
• Cache memory usage
• Buffer allocation

Red Flags:

• Growing heap over time (leak)
• Excessive garbage collection
• Large retained objects
• Detached DOM nodes (React)
• Unclosed connections/subscriptions

5. API and Database Performance

What Gets Analyzed:

• Query execution time
• N+1 query problems
• Missing database indexes
• API response times
• Network round trips
• Cache effectiveness

Database Optimization:

• Slow query identification
• Index recommendations
• Query plan analysis
• Connection pooling efficiency

Analysis Patterns

Identifying Bottlenecks

Step 1: Measure Current Performance

Collect baseline metrics:

• Build time: time npm run build
• Bundle size: Analyze with webpack-bundle-analyzer
• Runtime: Browser DevTools Performance tab
• API: Response time logs

Step 2: Profile and Identify Hot Paths

Find where time is spent:

• CPU profiling for computation
• Heap snapshots for memory
• Network waterfall for I/O
• Flame graphs for call stacks

Step 3: Prioritize Optimizations

Focus on:

1. Highest impact (largest bottleneck)
2. Lowest effort (quick wins)
3. Most frequent (called often)

Step 4: Measure Impact

After optimization:

• Re-run benchmarks
• Compare before/after metrics
• Validate improvements

Tools and Commands

JavaScript/TypeScript:

# Bundle analysis
npx webpack-bundle-analyzer dist/stats.json

# Build performance
npm run build -- --profile --json > stats.json

# Runtime profiling
node --prof app.js
node --prof-process isolate-*.log > processed.txt

Go:

# Build time analysis
go build -x 2>&1 | ts '[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]'

# CPU profiling
go test -cpuprofile=cpu.prof -bench=.
go tool pprof cpu.prof

# Memory profiling
go test -memprofile=mem.prof -bench=.
go tool pprof mem.prof

Rust:

# Compile time analysis
cargo build --timings

# Binary size analysis
cargo bloat --release

# Runtime profiling
cargo flamegraph --bench benchmark_name

Optimization Report Format

Performance Report Structure

# Performance Optimization Report

**Generated**: 2026-01-28 14:32:00
**Scope**: Full application analysis
**Baseline**: Established 2026-01-21

## Executive Summary

**Overall Performance Score**: 67/100 (Needs Improvement)

**Key Findings**:
- Build time: 142s (Target: <60s) - 58% slower
- Bundle size: 1.2 MB gzipped (Target: <200 KB) - 6x over
- LCP: 3.8s (Target: <2.5s) - Poor
- API p95: 847ms (Target: <500ms) - Slow

**Estimated Impact of Recommendations**:
- Build time: -65s (46% improvement)
- Bundle size: -800 KB (67% reduction)
- LCP: -1.5s (39% improvement)
- API p95: -400ms (47% improvement)

## Critical Bottlenecks

### [PERF-001] Lodash Full Library Import
**Category**: Bundle Size
**Impact**: HIGH
**Effort**: LOW

**Issue**: Full lodash library imported, adding 71 KB to bundle.

**Current**:
```typescript
import _ from 'lodash';
const result = _.debounce(handler, 300);

Problem: Imports entire library for single function.

Recommendation: Use lodash-es with tree-shaking.

Optimized:

import { debounce } from 'lodash-es';
const result = debounce(handler, 300);

Savings: -65 KB gzipped

---

[PERF-002] Moment.js for Simple Date Formatting

Category: Bundle Size Impact: MEDIUM Effort: LOW

Issue: moment.js adds 67 KB for basic date formatting.

Current:

import moment from 'moment';
const formatted = moment(date).format('YYYY-MM-DD');

Recommendation: Replace with date-fns or native Intl.

Optimized:

import { format } from 'date-fns';
const formatted = format(date, 'yyyy-MM-dd');

Savings: -60 KB gzipped

---

[PERF-003] TypeScript Compilation Bottleneck

Category: Build Time Impact: HIGH Effort: MEDIUM

Issue: TypeScript taking 89s of 142s build time (63%).

Current Config:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "incremental": false,
    "skipLibCheck": false
  }
}

Problems:

• No incremental compilation
• Checking all .d.ts files
• No build cache

Optimized:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "incremental": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "tsBuildInfoFile": ".tsbuildinfo"
  }
}

Savings: -45s build time (first build), -70s (subsequent)

---

[PERF-004] N+1 Query in User Profile API

Category: API Performance Impact: CRITICAL Effort: LOW

Issue: Loading user posts in a loop, causing 100+ database queries.

Current:

const users = await db.getUsers();
for (const user of users) {
  user.posts = await db.getPostsByUserId(user.id); // N+1!
}

Problem: 1 query + N queries = 101 total for 100 users.

Optimized:

const users = await db.getUsers();
const userIds = users.map(u => u.id);
const posts = await db.getPostsByUserIds(userIds); // 1 query
const postsByUser = groupBy(posts, 'userId');
users.forEach(user => {
  user.posts = postsByUser[user.id] || [];
});

Savings: 99 database queries eliminated, 95% faster

Build Performance Analysis

Current Build Breakdown

Total Build Time: 142s

Phase Breakdown:
├── Dependencies (npm install): 23s (16%)
├── TypeScript Compilation: 89s (63%)
├── Asset Processing: 18s (13%)
├── Bundling (Webpack): 9s (6%)
└── Minification: 3s (2%)

Bottleneck: TypeScript (63% of time)

Optimization Recommendations

1. Enable Incremental TypeScript (HIGH IMPACT)

• Savings: -70s on subsequent builds
• Add incremental: true to tsconfig.json

2. Parallelize Asset Processing (MEDIUM IMPACT)

• Savings: -10s
• Use worker threads for image optimization

3. Use SWC Instead of Babel (MEDIUM IMPACT)

• Savings: -5s
• 20x faster than Babel

Total Potential Savings: -85s (60% improvement)

Target Build Time: 57s

Bundle Size Analysis

Current Bundle Breakdown

Total Bundle Size: 1.2 MB gzipped

Dependencies:
├── react + react-dom: 142 KB (12%)
├── lodash: 71 KB (6%)
├── moment: 67 KB (6%)
├── chart.js: 54 KB (5%)
├── Other vendor: 445 KB (37%)
└── Application code: 421 KB (34%)

Issues:
- Lodash not tree-shaken
- Moment.js unnecessary
- Large chart library for simple use

Optimization Recommendations

1. Replace Heavy Dependencies (HIGH IMPACT)

• lodash → lodash-es: -65 KB
• moment → date-fns: -60 KB
• chart.js → lightweight-charts: -40 KB
• Total: -165 KB (14% reduction)

2. Code Splitting (HIGH IMPACT)

• Lazy load admin panel: -200 KB from initial
• Lazy load dashboard charts: -150 KB from initial
• Total: -350 KB from initial load (29% reduction)

3. Tree Shaking Improvements (MEDIUM IMPACT)

• Fix sideEffects in package.json
• Remove unused exports
• Estimated: -100 KB (8% reduction)

Total Potential Savings: -615 KB (51% reduction)

Target Bundle Size: 585 KB gzipped

Runtime Performance Analysis

Core Web Vitals

Current Performance:
- LCP: 3.8s (Poor) - Target: <2.5s
- FID: 120ms (Needs Improvement) - Target: <100ms
- CLS: 0.05 (Good) - Target: <0.1

Time to Interactive: 5.2s (Poor) - Target: <3.5s

Bottlenecks Identified

1. Large Initial JavaScript Bundle (CRITICAL)

• 1.2 MB blocks rendering
• Recommendation: Code split, lazy load

2. Heavy Initial Data Fetch (HIGH)

• 847 KB JSON downloaded before first paint
• Recommendation: Pagination, defer non-critical data

3. Expensive Re-renders (MEDIUM)

• UserList component re-renders 47 times on page load
• Recommendation: React.memo, useMemo

API Performance Analysis

Slow Endpoints

Top 5 Slowest Endpoints (p95):

1. GET /api/users (with posts)
   - Current: 1,247ms
   - Target: <300ms
   - Issue: N+1 queries
   - Fix: Batch query + caching

2. GET /api/dashboard
   - Current: 892ms
   - Target: <400ms
   - Issue: Sequential queries
   - Fix: Parallel query execution

3. POST /api/orders
   - Current: 673ms
   - Target: <500ms
   - Issue: Synchronous email sending
   - Fix: Background job queue

4. GET /api/reports/monthly
   - Current: 2,134ms
   - Target: <1000ms
   - Issue: Large dataset, no pagination
   - Fix: Streaming response, pagination

5. GET /api/search
   - Current: 524ms
   - Target: <300ms
   - Issue: Full table scan
   - Fix: Add database index

Database Query Optimization

Missing Indexes Detected:

-- Query: SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = ? AND status = 'pending'
-- Execution time: 847ms (table scan)
-- Recommendation: Add composite index

CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_status ON orders(user_id, status);

-- Estimated improvement: 98% faster (15ms)

Memory Usage Analysis

Memory Leaks Detected

1. Event Listener Not Cleaned Up (HIGH)

// Leak in useEffect
useEffect(() => {
  window.addEventListener('resize', handleResize);
  // Missing cleanup!
});

// Fix:
useEffect(() => {
  window.addEventListener('resize', handleResize);
  return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', handleResize);
}, []);

2. Growing Cache Without Limits (MEDIUM)

// Unbounded cache grows forever
const cache = new Map();
function memoize(key, fn) {
  if (!cache.has(key)) {
    cache.set(key, fn());
  }
  return cache.get(key);
}

// Fix: Use LRU cache with size limit
import LRU from 'lru-cache';
const cache = new LRU({ max: 500 });

Optimization Priority Matrix

Impact vs Effort:

HIGH IMPACT, LOW EFFORT (Do First):
- Replace lodash import
- Replace moment.js
- Enable TS incremental
- Fix N+1 query
- Add database index

HIGH IMPACT, MEDIUM EFFORT (Do Soon):
- Code splitting
- Lazy loading
- Background job queue

MEDIUM IMPACT, LOW EFFORT (Quick Wins):
- React.memo on heavy components
- Image optimization
- Enable compression

LOW PRIORITY:
- Micro-optimizations
- Premature abstractions

Recommendations Summary

Immediate Actions (This Week)

1. Fix N+1 query in /api/users
2. Replace lodash with lodash-es
3. Enable TypeScript incremental
4. Add database index for orders query

Expected Impact: 40% performance improvement

Short Term (This Month)

1. Implement code splitting
2. Replace moment.js with date-fns
3. Lazy load admin panel
4. Add React.memo to UserList

Expected Impact: Additional 30% improvement

Long Term (This Quarter)

1. Implement caching layer (Redis)
2. Add CDN for static assets
3. Database query optimization audit
4. Consider server-side rendering

Expected Impact: Additional 20% improvement

Total Expected Improvement: 90% (Score: 67 → 127)

## Integration with Dev Plugin

### With Audit Skill

Combine performance and security:

Run optimization analysis and check performance implications of security fixes

### With Test Coverage

Ensure optimizations don't break functionality:

Optimize bundle size and verify test coverage remains above 80%

### With Code Analysis

Use enrichment for better context:

Enrich codebase with claudemem, then identify performance bottlenecks

## Best Practices

### 1. Measure Before Optimizing

Always establish baseline:
- Current build time
- Current bundle size
- Current runtime metrics
- Current API response times

**Anti-pattern**: Optimizing without measuring

### 2. Focus on User-Perceived Performance

Prioritize metrics that affect users:
- LCP (loading)
- FID (interactivity)
- CLS (visual stability)

**Anti-pattern**: Optimizing server metrics that users don't notice

### 3. Optimize the Critical Path

Focus on:
- Initial page load
- Time to interactive
- First contentful paint

**Anti-pattern**: Optimizing rarely-used features

### 4. Use Performance Budgets

Set hard limits:
- Max bundle size: 200 KB gzipped
- Max build time: 60s
- Max API response: 500ms p95

**Enforcement**: CI/CD checks fail if exceeded

### 5. Monitor in Production

Use real user monitoring (RUM):
- Track Core Web Vitals
- Monitor API response times
- Alert on regressions

**Tools**: Lighthouse CI, Sentry, DataDog

## Examples

### Example 1: Slow React Application

**Request**:

Our React app takes 8 seconds to load. Please identify bottlenecks.

**Analysis Process**:
1. Measure bundle size: 2.1 MB gzipped
2. Analyze bundle composition
3. Profile React rendering
4. Check network waterfall

**Findings**:
- Main bundle too large (no code splitting)
- Entire Material-UI library imported
- Heavy initial data fetch (1.2 MB JSON)
- Expensive UserList re-renders

**Optimizations**:
```typescript
// 1. Code splitting
const AdminPanel = lazy(() => import('./AdminPanel'));

// 2. Tree-shakeable imports
import Button from '@mui/material/Button'; // Not: import { Button } from '@mui/material';

// 3. Pagination
const users = await fetchUsers({ page: 1, limit: 20 }); // Not: all users

// 4. Memoization
const UserList = React.memo(({ users }) => { ... });

Results:

• Bundle: 2.1 MB → 420 KB (80% reduction)
• Load time: 8s → 1.9s (76% improvement)
• LCP: 7.2s → 2.1s (71% improvement)

Example 2: Slow TypeScript Build

Request:

TypeScript compilation takes 3 minutes. Speed it up.

Analysis:

1. Profile build with --extendedDiagnostics
2. Identify slow files
3. Check tsconfig.json

Findings:

• No incremental compilation
• Checking all node_modules types
• Large union types causing slowness
• No build cache

Optimizations:

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "incremental": true,
    "tsBuildInfoFile": ".tsbuildinfo",
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "isolatedModules": true
  },
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
}

Results:

• First build: 180s → 95s (47% improvement)
• Subsequent builds: 180s → 12s (93% improvement)

Example 3: Database Query Optimization

Request:

The /api/orders endpoint is timing out under load

Analysis:

1. Enable query logging
2. Identify slow queries
3. Analyze query plans
4. Check for missing indexes

Findings:

-- Slow query (12s for 1M rows)
SELECT * FROM orders
WHERE user_id = 12345
  AND status IN ('pending', 'processing')
  AND created_at > '2026-01-01'
ORDER BY created_at DESC
LIMIT 20;

-- Query plan: FULL TABLE SCAN (bad)

Optimization:

-- Add composite index
CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_status_date
ON orders(user_id, status, created_at);

-- Query plan now: INDEX SCAN (good)
-- Execution time: 12s → 23ms (99.8% faster)

Stack-Specific Optimization Patterns

React/TypeScript

Common Bottlenecks:

• Large bundle size (heavy dependencies)
• Unnecessary re-renders
• Expensive computations in render
• Large lists without virtualization

Optimization Tools:

• webpack-bundle-analyzer
• React DevTools Profiler
• Lighthouse
• Chrome Performance tab

Go

Common Bottlenecks:

• Unnecessary allocations
• Blocked goroutines
• Lock contention
• Inefficient algorithms

Optimization Tools:

• go tool pprof
• go tool trace
• Benchmarks with -bench
• Race detector with -race

Rust

Common Bottlenecks:

• Large binary size
• Slow compile times
• Unnecessary cloning
• Allocations in hot paths

Optimization Tools:

• cargo build --timings
• cargo bloat
• cargo flamegraph
• Criterion benchmarks

Conclusion

The optimize skill provides comprehensive performance analysis and actionable recommendations. Use it regularly to maintain optimal performance, reduce costs, and improve user experience.

Key Takeaways:

• Measure before optimizing
• Focus on high-impact, low-effort wins
• Prioritize user-perceived performance
• Set performance budgets
• Monitor in production

For security analysis, see the audit skill. For test gaps, see the test-coverage skill.