ferminrp/bcra-central-deudores

BCRA Central de Deudores

Query Argentina's Central Bank debtor registry to obtain credit reports by CUIT/CUIL/CDI.

API Overview

• Base URL: https://api.bcra.gob.ar
• Auth: None required (public API)
• Format: JSON responses
• Input: CUIT/CUIL/CDI as integer (no hyphens), e.g. 20123456789
• Optional web interface: https://compara.ar/deudores/:cuit (replace :cuit with the 11-digit CUIT/CUIL/CDI)

Endpoints

1. Current Debts — GET /centraldedeudores/v1.0/Deudas/{Identificacion}

Returns the latest reported debt situation across all financial entities.

curl -s "https://api.bcra.gob.ar/centraldedeudores/v1.0/Deudas/20123456789"

Response structure:

{
  "status": 200,
  "results": {
    "identificacion": 20123456789,
    "denominacion": "NOMBRE DE LA PERSONA",
    "periodos": [
      {
        "periodo": "2024-12",
        "entidades": [
          {
            "entidad": "BANCO DE LA NACION ARGENTINA",
            "situacion": 1,
            "fechaSit1": "2020-03-15",
            "monto": 150.0,
            "diasAtrasoPago": 0,
            "refinanciaciones": false,
            "recategorizacionOblig": false,
            "situacionJuridica": false,
            "irrecDisposicionTecnica": false,
            "enRevision": false,
            "procesoJud": false
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

2. Historical Debts — GET /centraldedeudores/v1.0/Deudas/Historicas/{Identificacion}

Returns debt history across multiple periods. Useful for tracking how a debtor's situation evolved over time.

curl -s "https://api.bcra.gob.ar/centraldedeudores/v1.0/Deudas/Historicas/20123456789"

Response structure: Same as current debts but with multiple periods. Historical entries have simplified entity data (no fechaSit1, diasAtrasoPago, or observation flags).

3. Rejected Checks — GET /centraldedeudores/v1.0/Deudas/ChequesRechazados/{Identificacion}

Returns rejected checks reported for the debtor, grouped by rejection cause and entity.

curl -s "https://api.bcra.gob.ar/centraldedeudores/v1.0/Deudas/ChequesRechazados/20123456789"

Response structure:

{
  "status": 200,
  "results": {
    "identificacion": 20123456789,
    "denominacion": "NOMBRE DE LA PERSONA",
    "causales": [
      {
        "causal": "SIN FONDOS SUFICIENTES",
        "entidades": [
          {
            "entidad": 44,
            "detalle": [
              {
                "nroCheque": 12345678,
                "fechaRechazo": "2024-05-10",
                "monto": 50000.0,
                "fechaPago": null,
                "fechaPagoMulta": null,
                "estadoMulta": null,
                "ctaPersonal": true,
                "denomJuridica": null,
                "enRevision": false,
                "procesoJud": false
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Situacion (Credit Classification) Codes

| Code | Commercial Portfolio | Consumer/Housing Portfolio | |------|---------------------|--------------------------| | 1 | Normal | Normal | | 2 | Special follow-up (seguimiento especial) | Low risk (riesgo bajo) | | 3 | Problematic (con problemas) | Medium risk (riesgo medio) | | 4 | High insolvency risk (alto riesgo de insolvencia) | High risk (riesgo alto) | | 5 | Irrecoverable (irrecuperable) | Irrecoverable (irrecuperable) | | 6 | Irrecoverable by technical disposition | Irrecoverable by technical disposition |

Situacion 1 is the best status. Any value >= 2 indicates some level of credit risk. Values >= 5 are severe.

Key Field Notes

• monto: Reported in thousands of ARS (miles de pesos)
• periodo: Format YYYY-MM (the last reported period)
• fechaSit1: Date when the debtor was first classified as Situacion 1 at that entity
• diasAtrasoPago: Days past due (0 means current)
• refinanciaciones: true if debt has been refinanced
• recategorizacionOblig: true if mandatory recategorization applied
• situacionJuridica: true if under legal proceedings (concordatos, concurso preventivo, quiebra)
• irrecDisposicionTecnica: true if irrecoverable by technical disposition
• enRevision: true if the record is under review
• procesoJud: true if under judicial process

Workflow

1. Validate input: Ensure the CUIT/CUIL/CDI is a valid number (11 digits, no hyphens)
2. Fetch current debts first — this is usually what the user wants
3. Fetch historical debts if the user asks about evolution or past credit behavior
4. Fetch rejected checks if relevant or requested
5. If user prefers a UI, share https://compara.ar/deudores/:cuit as a quick visual option
6. Present results with clear interpretation of the situacion codes and amounts

Error Handling

• 400: Invalid identification number format
• 404: No records found for the given CUIT/CUIL/CDI
• 500: BCRA server error — retry after a moment

When receiving a 404, inform the user that no records were found. This does not necessarily mean the person has no debts — it could mean the CUIT/CUIL/CDI is incorrect.

Presenting Results

When presenting results to the user:

• Always show the person/company name (denominacion)
• Group debts by entity and highlight any situacion >= 2 as a warning
• Convert monto context: remind the user amounts are in thousands of ARS
• Flag any true values in observation fields (refinanciaciones, situacionJuridica, procesoJud, etc.)
• For historical data, show the trend (improving/worsening situation over time)
• For rejected checks, highlight unpaid checks (where fechaPago is null)

OpenAPI Spec

For the complete API schema, see references/openapi-spec.json.