ddnetters/caddy-reverse-proxy

Caddy Reverse Proxy

Caddy is a modern web server with automatic HTTPS. This skill covers Caddyfile configuration, reverse proxy patterns, and Docker deployment.

Caddyfile basics

# Reverse proxy to a backend service
app.example.com {
    reverse_proxy localhost:8080
}

# Multiple domains, same backend
app1.example.com, app2.example.com {
    reverse_proxy backend:3000
}

# Wildcard with on-demand TLS
*.example.com {
    tls {
        on_demand
    }
    reverse_proxy localhost:8080
}

Reverse proxy patterns

Basic proxy

service.example.com {
    reverse_proxy service:8080
}

With path stripping

example.com {
    handle /api/* {
        reverse_proxy api-server:3000
    }
    handle {
        reverse_proxy frontend:80
    }
}

WebSocket support (automatic)

Caddy handles WebSocket upgrades automatically. No extra config needed.

Load balancing

app.example.com {
    reverse_proxy node1:8080 node2:8080 node3:8080 {
        lb_policy round_robin
        health_uri /health
        health_interval 10s
    }
}

Headers

service.example.com {
    reverse_proxy backend:8080 {
        header_up X-Real-IP {remote_host}
        header_up X-Forwarded-Proto {scheme}
    }
}

TLS / HTTPS

Automatic (Let's Encrypt)

Caddy gets certificates automatically. Just use a domain name:

app.example.com {
    reverse_proxy localhost:8080
}

Cloudflare DNS challenge

For wildcard certs or when port 80/443 isn't publicly reachable. Requires the caddy-cloudflare build.

*.example.com {
    tls {
        dns cloudflare {env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN}
    }
    @app1 host app1.example.com
    handle @app1 {
        reverse_proxy app1:8080
    }
}

Internal / LAN-only (no public TLS)

:80 {
    reverse_proxy localhost:8080
}

# Or with self-signed cert
service.lan {
    tls internal
    reverse_proxy localhost:8080
}

Restrict to LAN only

service.example.com {
    @denied not remote_ip 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 172.16.0.0/12
    respond @denied 403

    reverse_proxy backend:8080
}

Common patterns

Catch-all / landing page

*.example.com {
    tls {
        dns cloudflare {env.CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN}
    }

    # Named matchers for each service
    @grafana host grafana.example.com
    handle @grafana {
        reverse_proxy grafana:3000
    }

    @n8n host n8n.example.com
    handle @n8n {
        reverse_proxy n8n:5678
    }

    # Fallback for unmatched subdomains
    handle {
        respond "Nothing here" 404
    }
}

Basic auth

admin.example.com {
    basicauth {
        # Generate hash: caddy hash-password
        admin $2a$14$HASHED_PASSWORD_HERE
    }
    reverse_proxy backend:8080
}

File server

files.example.com {
    file_server browse {
        root /srv/files
    }
}

Redirect HTTP to HTTPS (automatic)

Caddy does this by default. To redirect a domain:

old.example.com {
    redir https://new.example.com{uri} permanent
}

Docker deployment

docker-compose.yml

services:
  caddy:
    image: caddy:2-alpine
    # Or for Cloudflare DNS: caddybuilds/caddy-cloudflare
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
    volumes:
      - ./Caddyfile:/etc/caddy/Caddyfile
      - caddy_data:/data
      - caddy_config:/config
    environment:
      - CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN=your-token  # if using DNS challenge
    restart: unless-stopped

volumes:
  caddy_data:
  caddy_config:

Connecting to other Docker services

Services on the same Docker network are reachable by container name:

app.example.com {
    reverse_proxy container-name:8080
}

For services on different networks, use the host IP or join networks:

services:
  caddy:
    networks:
      - frontend
      - backend

Management commands

# Validate config
caddy validate --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile

# Reload without downtime (inside container)
docker exec <caddy-container> caddy reload --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile

# Adapt Caddyfile to JSON (debugging)
caddy adapt --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile

# View loaded config
caddy config

# Hash a password for basicauth
caddy hash-password

Environment variables

Use {env.VAR_NAME} in Caddyfile:

service.example.com {
    reverse_proxy {env.BACKEND_HOST}:{env.BACKEND_PORT}
}

Logging

service.example.com {
    log {
        output file /var/log/caddy/access.log
        format json
        level INFO
    }
    reverse_proxy backend:8080
}

Troubleshooting

| Problem | Fix | |---------|-----| | Certificate not issuing | Check DNS points to Caddy, ports 80/443 open, or use DNS challenge | | 502 Bad Gateway | Backend not running or wrong hostname/port. Check docker network ls | | Config not reloading | Use caddy reload, not restart (avoids downtime). Check caddy validate first | | Wildcard cert failing | Requires DNS challenge plugin (e.g. caddy-cloudflare), not default image | | WebSocket disconnecting | Usually a proxy timeout. Add transport http { keepalive 30s } | | LAN service reachable externally | Add remote_ip matcher to restrict access |

Caddy vs nginx quick reference

| nginx | Caddy | |-------|-------| | proxy_pass http://backend; | reverse_proxy backend:8080 | | ssl_certificate /path/cert.pem; | Automatic (just use domain name) | | location /api { ... } | handle /api/* { ... } | | nginx -t && nginx -s reload | caddy validate && caddy reload | | Separate config for HTTPS redirect | Automatic |