aeondave/spi-flash
offensive-hardware/spi-flash/SKILL.md
In-circuit and out-of-circuit SPI/NAND flash dumping and writing using flashrom and CH341A/FT232H.
$ install --global
skillsauthnpx skillsauth add aeondave/malskill spi-flashInstall this skill globally with one command. Works with Claude Code, Cursor, and Windsurf.
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TrivyContainer and dependency vulnerability scanner
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Last scanned: Jun 12, 2026, 3:49 AM11.3s2 files scanned
SKILL.md
- name:
- spi-flash
- description:
- In-circuit and out-of-circuit SPI/NAND flash dumping and writing using flashrom and CH341A/FT232H.
spi-flash
Use when UART is unavailable, or a full firmware extraction/patching loop is required.
1. Identification and connection
- Look for 8-pin or 16-pin SOIC chips near the SoC (e.g., Winbond
W25Q*, MacronixMX25L*or GigaDeviceGD25Q*). - In-circuit: Attach a SOIC clip. Ensure the target board is completely powered off to prevent SoC interference.
- Out-of-circuit: Desolder using hot air, clean pads, mount in programming socket. (Safest for signal integrity, but destructive).
2. Reading firmware (flashrom)
Rule: Read at least twice, and ensure hashes match before proceeding. Variance indicates bad clip contact or SoC contention.
# Read attempt 1
flashrom -p ch341a_spi -r fw_dump1.bin
# Read attempt 2
flashrom -p ch341a_spi -r fw_dump2.bin
# Verification
md5sum fw_dump1.bin fw_dump2.bin
If hashes differ, reseat the clip, shorten cables, or power the target board VCC slightly if SoC is draining programmer current.
3. Writing firmware
Rule: Always backup original raw dump offline before writing.
# Write modified firmware back
flashrom -p ch341a_spi -w fw_patched.bin
4. Flash layout verification
Use binwalk to verify the read was successful and contains expected headers (not just 0xFF or 0x00).
binwalk fw_dump1.bin
# Expect: U-Boot header, Squashfs, JFFS2, TRX, or CramFS
References
- references/ch341a-voltage-fix.md — Load when using a CH341A programmer on 1.8V or 3.3V target flash chips.
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