offensive-tools/re/binwalk/SKILL.md
Analyze and extract firmware images, identifying embedded file systems, compressed archives, and executable code. Use when reversing IoT firmware, embedded devices, or binary blobs during hardware/firmware security assessments.
npx skillsauth add aeondave/malskill binwalkInstall this skill globally with one command. Works with Claude Code, Cursor, and Windsurf.
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Firmware analysis and extraction — identify and extract embedded files from binary blobs.
# Install
apt install binwalk
# Scan firmware for signatures
binwalk firmware.bin
# Extract all found content
binwalk -e firmware.bin
# Output in _firmware.bin.extracted/
# Recursive extraction
binwalk -eM firmware.bin
| Flag | Purpose |
|------|---------|
| -e | Extract found files |
| -M | Recursive extraction (matryoshka) |
| -B | Signature scan (default) |
| -E | Entropy analysis |
| -A | Disassemble CPU instructions |
| -C DIR | Output directory |
| -q | Quiet mode |
| --dd TYPE:OFFSET:SIZE | Manual extraction |
| -l N | Limit extraction size |
Full firmware analysis:
binwalk -eM firmware.bin -C ./extracted/
ls ./extracted/
Find compressed/encrypted regions (entropy):
binwalk -E firmware.bin
# High entropy = encrypted/compressed, low = plaintext
Find hardcoded strings after extraction:
binwalk -eM firmware.bin
find ./_firmware.bin.extracted/ -type f | xargs strings | grep -i "password\|admin\|key"
| File | When to load |
|------|--------------|
| references/ | Filesystem types and QEMU emulation notes |
development
Auth/lab ref: Unicorn Engine CPU-only emulation for shellcode, decryptors, custom VM handlers, instruction tracing, memory hooks, and register-level experiments.
development
Auth/lab ref: Renode board and SoC simulation for MCU/RTOS firmware, UART/GPIO/peripheral modeling, GDB remote debugging, REPL platforms, and RESC scripts.
development
Auth/lab ref: Qiling OS-layer binary emulation for PE/ELF/Mach-O/UEFI/shellcode with rootfs, syscall/API hooks, filesystem mapping, and runtime patching.
databases
Auth/lab ref: QEMU user-mode and full-system emulation for cross-arch binaries, firmware, kernels, disks, serial consoles, networking, and GDB stubs.