docs/ja-JP/skills/springboot-patterns/SKILL.md
Spring Boot architecture patterns, REST API design, layered services, data access, caching, async processing, and logging. Use for Java Spring Boot backend work.
npx skillsauth add SiniyaYousuf/everything_claudecode springboot-patternsInstall this skill globally with one command. Works with Claude Code, Cursor, and Windsurf.
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スケーラブルで本番グレードのサービスのためのSpring BootアーキテクチャとAPIパターン。
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/markets")
@Validated
class MarketController {
private final MarketService marketService;
MarketController(MarketService marketService) {
this.marketService = marketService;
}
@GetMapping
ResponseEntity<Page<MarketResponse>> list(
@RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
@RequestParam(defaultValue = "20") int size) {
Page<Market> markets = marketService.list(PageRequest.of(page, size));
return ResponseEntity.ok(markets.map(MarketResponse::from));
}
@PostMapping
ResponseEntity<MarketResponse> create(@Valid @RequestBody CreateMarketRequest request) {
Market market = marketService.create(request);
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED).body(MarketResponse::from(market));
}
}
public interface MarketRepository extends JpaRepository<MarketEntity, Long> {
@Query("select m from MarketEntity m where m.status = :status order by m.volume desc")
List<MarketEntity> findActive(@Param("status") MarketStatus status, Pageable pageable);
}
@Service
public class MarketService {
private final MarketRepository repo;
public MarketService(MarketRepository repo) {
this.repo = repo;
}
@Transactional
public Market create(CreateMarketRequest request) {
MarketEntity entity = MarketEntity.from(request);
MarketEntity saved = repo.save(entity);
return Market.from(saved);
}
}
public record CreateMarketRequest(
@NotBlank @Size(max = 200) String name,
@NotBlank @Size(max = 2000) String description,
@NotNull @FutureOrPresent Instant endDate,
@NotEmpty List<@NotBlank String> categories) {}
public record MarketResponse(Long id, String name, MarketStatus status) {
static MarketResponse from(Market market) {
return new MarketResponse(market.id(), market.name(), market.status());
}
}
@ControllerAdvice
class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
String message = ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
.map(e -> e.getField() + ": " + e.getDefaultMessage())
.collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(ApiError.validation(message));
}
@ExceptionHandler(AccessDeniedException.class)
ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleAccessDenied() {
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN).body(ApiError.of("Forbidden"));
}
@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
ResponseEntity<ApiError> handleGeneric(Exception ex) {
// スタックトレース付きで予期しないエラーをログ
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
.body(ApiError.of("Internal server error"));
}
}
構成クラスで@EnableCachingが必要です。
@Service
public class MarketCacheService {
private final MarketRepository repo;
public MarketCacheService(MarketRepository repo) {
this.repo = repo;
}
@Cacheable(value = "market", key = "#id")
public Market getById(Long id) {
return repo.findById(id)
.map(Market::from)
.orElseThrow(() -> new EntityNotFoundException("Market not found"));
}
@CacheEvict(value = "market", key = "#id")
public void evict(Long id) {}
}
構成クラスで@EnableAsyncが必要です。
@Service
public class NotificationService {
@Async
public CompletableFuture<Void> sendAsync(Notification notification) {
// メール/SMS送信
return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
}
}
@Service
public class ReportService {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ReportService.class);
public Report generate(Long marketId) {
log.info("generate_report marketId={}", marketId);
try {
// ロジック
} catch (Exception ex) {
log.error("generate_report_failed marketId={}", marketId, ex);
throw ex;
}
return new Report();
}
}
@Component
public class RequestLoggingFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestLoggingFilter.class);
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
} finally {
long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
log.info("req method={} uri={} status={} durationMs={}",
request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURI(), response.getStatus(), duration);
}
}
}
PageRequest page = PageRequest.of(pageNumber, pageSize, Sort.by("createdAt").descending());
Page<Market> results = marketService.list(page);
public <T> T withRetry(Supplier<T> supplier, int maxRetries) {
int attempts = 0;
while (true) {
try {
return supplier.get();
} catch (Exception ex) {
attempts++;
if (attempts >= maxRetries) {
throw ex;
}
try {
Thread.sleep((long) Math.pow(2, attempts) * 100L);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
throw ex;
}
}
}
}
セキュリティノート: X-Forwarded-Forヘッダーはデフォルトでは信頼できません。クライアントがそれを偽装できるためです。
転送ヘッダーは次の場合のみ使用してください:
ForwardedHeaderFilterをBeanとして登録済みserver.forward-headers-strategy=NATIVEまたはFRAMEWORKを設定済みX-Forwarded-Forヘッダーを上書き(追加ではなく)するよう設定済みForwardedHeaderFilterが適切に構成されている場合、request.getRemoteAddr()は転送ヘッダーから正しいクライアントIPを自動的に返します。この構成がない場合は、request.getRemoteAddr()を直接使用してください。これは直接接続IPを返し、唯一信頼できる値です。
@Component
public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
/*
* セキュリティ: このフィルターはレート制限のためにクライアントを識別するために
* request.getRemoteAddr()を使用します。
*
* アプリケーションがリバースプロキシ(nginx、AWS ALBなど)の背後にある場合、
* 正確なクライアントIP検出のために転送ヘッダーを適切に処理するようSpringを
* 設定する必要があります:
*
* 1. application.properties/yamlで server.forward-headers-strategy=NATIVE
* (クラウドプラットフォーム用)またはFRAMEWORKを設定
* 2. FRAMEWORK戦略を使用する場合、ForwardedHeaderFilterを登録:
*
* @Bean
* ForwardedHeaderFilter forwardedHeaderFilter() {
* return new ForwardedHeaderFilter();
* }
*
* 3. プロキシが偽装を防ぐためにX-Forwarded-Forヘッダーを上書き(追加ではなく)
* することを確認
* 4. コンテナに応じてserver.tomcat.remoteip.trusted-proxiesまたは同等を設定
*
* この構成なしでは、request.getRemoteAddr()はクライアントIPではなくプロキシIPを返します。
* X-Forwarded-Forを直接読み取らないでください。信頼できるプロキシ処理なしでは簡単に偽装できます。
*/
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
// ForwardedHeaderFilterが構成されている場合は正しいクライアントIPを返す
// getRemoteAddr()を使用。そうでなければ直接接続IPを返す。
// X-Forwarded-Forヘッダーを適切なプロキシ構成なしで直接信頼しない。
String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr();
Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(clientIp,
k -> Bucket.builder()
.addLimit(Bandwidth.classic(100, Refill.greedy(100, Duration.ofMinutes(1))))
.build());
if (bucket.tryConsume(1)) {
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
}
}
}
Springの@Scheduledを使用するか、キュー(Kafka、SQS、RabbitMQなど)と統合します。ハンドラーをべき等かつ観測可能に保ちます。
spring.mvc.problemdetails.enabled=trueを有効化(Spring Boot 3+)@Transactional(readOnly = true)を使用@NonNullとOptionalで適切にnull安全性を強制覚えておいてください: コントローラーは薄く、サービスは焦点を絞り、リポジトリはシンプルに、エラーは集中的に処理します。保守性とテスト可能性のために最適化してください。
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